Influence of sulfamethazine (SMT) on the adsorption of antimony by the black soil: Implication for the complexation between SMT and antimony

This paper reported when sulfamethazine (SMT) and antimony (Sb(V)) coexisted in aqueous solution at pH of 3.0, 5.0 and 7.0, the complexation between SMT and Sb(V) occurred. Such a complexation impeded the adsorption of Sb(V) on the black soil. The higher the solution pH value was, the more the amount of Sb(V) was prevented from adsorbing on the black soil. The maximum adsorption capacity (qm) of Sb(V) at the presence of SMT under pH of 3.0, 5.0 and 7.0was 5.28, 3.45 and 1.95 mg/g, respectively. -NH2, N-H, S = O and C-\N of pyrimidine ring carried by SMT acted as the complexation sites with Sb(V). The complexation constant K were- 3.15,-3.26 and- 3.48 at pH of 7.0, 5.0 and 3.0, respectively, indicating that the complexation strength between SMT and Sb(V) followed the order of pH 7.0 > pH 5.0 > pH 3.0. The binding energy between Sb(V) and the C-N group of pyrimidine ring was the highest (1.42 eV), and then followed by the groups of -NH (1.37 eV), S = O (0.66 eV) and -NH2 (0.39 eV). Besides S = O and C-N, Sb(V) tends to complex with N-H via coordination bond at pH of 7.0 while -NH2 via cation-p interaction at pH 3.0 and 5.0. Compared to pH of 5.0, the strength of cation-p interaction at pH of 3.0 weakened according to the molecular electrostatic potentialmap. These results demonstrated that different from the situation where Sb(V) exists in aqueous solution alone, the coexistence of SMT with Sb(V) affected the adsorption behavior of Sb(V) in soil and solution pH was also an influence factor. These findings in this paperwould be helpful for further understanding themobility, bioavailability and other environmental behavior of Sb(V) in soil when Sb(V) coexists with antibiotics even other organic compounds. (C) 2020 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved

Deep Illumina sequencing reveals conserved and novel microRNAs in grass carp in response to grass carp reovirus infection

Background: The grass carp hemorrhagic disease caused by the grass carp reovirus (GCRV) is a major disease that hampers the development of grass carp aquaculture. The mechanism underlying GCRV pathogenesis and hemorrhagic symptoms is still unknown. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are key regulators involved in various biological processes. The aim of this study was to identify conserved and novel miRNAs in grass carp in response to GCRV infection, as well as attempt to reveal the mechanism underlying GCRV pathogenesis and hemorrhagic symptoms. Results: Grass carp were infected with GCRV, and spleen samples were collected at 0 (control), 1, 3, 5, 7, and 9 days post-infection (dpi). These samples were used to construct and sequence small RNA libraries. A total of 1208 miRNAs were identified, of which 278 were known miRNAs and 930 were novel miRNAs. Thirty-six miRNAs were identified to exhibit differential expression when compared with the control, and 536 target genes were predicted for the 36 miRNAs. GO and KEGG enrichment analyses of these target genes showed that many of the significantly enriched terms were associated with immune response, blood coagulation, hemostasis, and complement and coagulation cascades, especially the GO term "blood coagulation" and pathway "complement and coagulation cascades." Ten representative target genes involved in "complement and coagulation cascades" were selected for qPCR analysis, and the results showed that the expression patterns of these target genes were significantly upregulated at 7 dpi, suggesting that the pathway "complement and coagulation cascades" was strongly activated. Conclusion: Conserved and novel miRNAs in response to GCRV infection were identified in grass carp, of which 278 were known miRNAs and 930 were novel miRNAs. Many of the target genes involved in immune response, blood coagulation, hemostasis, and complement and coagulation cascades. Strong activation of the pathway "complement and coagulation cascades" may have led to endothelial-cell and blood-cell damage and hemorrhagic symptoms. The present study provides a new insight into understanding the mechanism underlying GCRV pathogenesis and hemorrhagic symptoms

Deep Circular RNA Sequencing Provides Insights into the Mechanism Underlying Grass Carp Reovirus Infection

Grass carp hemorrhagic disease, caused by the grass carp reovirus (GCRV), is a major disease that hampers the development of grass carp aquaculture in China. The mechanism underlying GCRV infection is still largely unknown. Circular RNAs (circRNAs) are important regulators involved in various biological processes. In the present study, grass carp were infected with GCRV, and spleen samples were collected at 0 (control), 1, 3, 5, and 7 days post-infection (dpi). Samples were used to construct and sequence circRNA libraries, and a total of 5052 circRNAs were identified before and after GCRV infection, of which 41 exhibited differential expression compared with controls. Many parental genes of the differentially expressed circRNAs are involved in metal ion binding, protein ubiquitination, enzyme activity, and nucleotide binding. Moreover, 72 binding miRNAs were predicted from the differentially expressed circRNAs, of which eight targeted genes were predicted to be involved in immune responses, blood coagulation, hemostasis, and complement and coagulation cascades. Upregulation of these genes may lead to endothelial and blood cell damage and hemorrhagic symptoms. Our results indicate that an mRNA-miRNA-circRNA network may be present in grass carp infected with GCRV, providing new insight into the mechanism underlying grass carp reovirus infection.</p

Computational identification of Y-linked markers and genes in the grass carp genome by using a pool-and-sequence method

The molecular analysis of sex in vertebrates is important, as it has the potential to provide vital information for theoretical and applied research alike. Teleost fish are the ancient vertebrates that present a broad sex chromosome system but lack differentiated sex chromosomes in most species. Hence understanding the sex in fish would not only illuminate the sex determination evolution in vertebrates but also shed light on fish farming. In the present study, we used grass carp as a teleost fish model, studied the Y chromosome by using a pool-and-sequence strategy in combination with fragment-ratio method. In total, we identified five Y-linked scaffolds (totaling 347 Kb) and six Y-specific sequences that could be used as sex-specific markers, demonstrating the suitability of NGS-based re-sequencing of pooled DNAs for the identification of sex markers in fish. Moreover, 14 putative Y-linked genes were described for the first time. All the genes, except for un-y1, un-y2, and ubq-y, showed high similarity to their female homologs. RT-PCR revealed that ubq-y was only expressed in the male hypothalamus and pituitary. These findings provided an abundant resource for the Y chromosome of grass carp, and may help elucidate sex chromosome evolution in cyprinid fish.</p

El Diario de Pontevedra : periódico liberal: Ano XVIII Número 5130 - 1901 xuño 27

Background: Grass carp is an important farmed fish in China that is affected by serious disease, especially hemorrhagic disease caused by grass carp reovirus (GCRV). The mechanism underlying the hemorrhagic symptoms in infected fish remains to be elucidated. Although GCRV can be divided into three distinct subtypes, differences in the pathogenesis and host immune responses to the different subtypes are still unclear. The aim of this study was to provide a comprehensive insight into the grass carp response to different GCRV subtypes and to elucidate the mechanism underlying the hemorrhagic symptoms

Comparative Assessment of Sponge City Constructing in Public Awareness, Xi’an, China

Climate change and urbanization are causing increasingly frequent urban flooding in countries around the world. Various innovative approaches have emerged to address this challenge. In China, the Sponge City was first proposed in 2012 to achieve an urban hydrological balance through natural storage, natural infiltration and natural purification. This article presents a comparative investigation (using a survey method) of new and old communities in Xixian New District and Xi’an in September 2021 to investigate public awareness of the Sponge City and understand levels of satisfaction and acceptance. Individuals of the same age or education residing in the Sponge City generally know more about the Sponge City and were more willing to accept it than those in traditional cities. Moreover, the residents of Sponge City understand the Sponge City concept well, with a majority of the respondents (71.82%) expressing clear understanding on the conception of Sponge City. However, residents in a traditional city exhibited much less understanding of the concept (44.24%). Furthermore, for those living in the same area, people who are younger or have higher education exhibited a clearer understanding of and acceptance of the Sponge City and local government. In this survey, the average scores (assign values to the different responses, then average and percent it) of respondents in Xixian New District with master’s degrees, bachelor’s degrees and high school degrees or below were evaluated at 76.88, 67.94 and 62.15, respectively, compared to 62.07, 50.18 and 50.78 in Xi’an. Lastly, we found that differences in living environment have a significant influence on residents’ perceptions. Residents living in the Sponge City are generally satisfied with the travel and living conditions and greatly support the local government. Meanwhile, this study will help relevant authorities pay more attention to residents’ opinions and help them to formulate policies to spread the concept of Sponge City and encourage residents’ participation

TMT-Based Quantitative Proteomic Profiling of Human Esophageal Cancer Cells Reveals the Potential Mechanism and Potential Therapeutic Targets Associated With Radioresistance.

PurposeThe recurrence of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) in radiation therapy treatment presents a complex challenge due to its resistance to radiation. However, the mechanism underlying the development of radioresistance in ESCC remains unclear. In this study, we aim to uncover the mechanisms underlying radioresistance in ESCC cells and identify potential targets for radiosensitization.MethodsWe established two radio-resistant cell lines, TE-1R and KYSE-150R, from the parental ESCC cell lines TE-1 and KYSE-150 through fractionated irradiation. A TMT-based quantitative proteomic profiling approach was applied to identify changes in protein expression patterns. Cell Counting Kit-8, colony formation, γH2AX foci immunofluorescence and comet assays were utilized to validate our findings. The downstream effectors of the DNA repair pathway were confirmed using an HR/NHEJ reporter assay and Western blot analysis. Furthermore, we evaluated the expression of potential targets in ESCC tissues through immunohistochemistry combined with mass spectrometry.ResultsOver 2,000 proteins were quantitatively identified in the ESCC cell lysates. A comparison with radio-sensitive cells revealed 61 up-regulated and 14 down-regulated proteins in the radio-resistant cells. Additionally, radiation treatment induced 24 up-regulated and 12 down-regulated proteins in the radio-sensitive ESCC cells. Among the differentially expressed proteins, S100 calcium binding protein A6 (S100A6), glutamine gamma-glutamyltransferase 2 (TGM2), glycogen phosphorylase, brain form (PYGB), and Thymosin Beta 10 (TMSB10) were selected for further validation studies as they were found to be over-expressed in the accumulated radio-resistant ESCC cells and radio-resistant cells. Importantly, high S100A6 expression showed a positive correlation with cancer recurrence in ESCC patients. Our results suggest that several key proteins, including S100A6, TGM2, and PYGB, play a role in the development of radioresistance in ESCC.ConclusionsOur results revealed that several proteins including Protein S100-A6 (S100A6), Protein-glutamine gamma-glutamyltransferase 2 (TGM2), Glycogen phosphorylase, brain form (PYGB) were involved in radio-resistance development. These proteins could potentially serve as biomarkers for ESCC radio-resistance and as therapeutic targets to treat radio-resistant ESCC cells