755 research outputs found
Interval valued (\in,\ivq)-fuzzy filters of pseudo -algebras
We introduce the concept of quasi-coincidence of a fuzzy interval value with
an interval valued fuzzy set. By using this new idea, we introduce the notions
of interval valued (\in,\ivq)-fuzzy filters of pseudo -algebras and
investigate some of their related properties. Some characterization theorems of
these generalized interval valued fuzzy filters are derived. The relationship
among these generalized interval valued fuzzy filters of pseudo -algebras
is considered. Finally, we consider the concept of implication-based interval
valued fuzzy implicative filters of pseudo -algebras, in particular, the
implication operators in Lukasiewicz system of continuous-valued logic are
discussed
Species Doublers as Super Multiplets in Lattice Supersymmetry: Exact Supersymmetry with Interactions for D=1 N=2
We propose a new lattice superfield formalism in momentum representation
which accommodates species doublers of the lattice fermions and their bosonic
counterparts as super multiplets. We explicitly show that one dimensional N=2
model with interactions has exact Lie algebraic supersymmetry on the lattice
for all super charges. In coordinate representation the finite difference
operator is made to satisfy Leibnitz rule by introducing a non local product,
the ``star'' product, and the exact lattice supersymmetry is realized. The
standard momentum conservation is replaced on the lattice by the conservation
of the sine of the momentum, which plays a crucial role in the formulation.
Half lattice spacing structure is essential for the one dimensional model and
the lattice supersymmetry transformation can be identified as a half lattice
spacing translation combined with alternating sign structure. Invariance under
finite translations and locality in the continuum limit are explicitly
investigated and shown to be recovered. Supersymmetric Ward identities are
shown to be satisfied at one loop level. Lie algebraic lattice supersymmetry
algebra of this model suggests a close connection with Hopf algebraic exactness
of the link approach formulation of lattice supersymmetry.Comment: 34 pages, 2 figure
Dual-gated bilayer graphene hot electron bolometer
Detection of infrared light is central to diverse applications in security,
medicine, astronomy, materials science, and biology. Often different materials
and detection mechanisms are employed to optimize performance in different
spectral ranges. Graphene is a unique material with strong, nearly
frequency-independent light-matter interaction from far infrared to
ultraviolet, with potential for broadband photonics applications. Moreover,
graphene's small electron-phonon coupling suggests that hot-electron effects
may be exploited at relatively high temperatures for fast and highly sensitive
detectors in which light energy heats only the small-specific-heat electronic
system. Here we demonstrate such a hot-electron bolometer using bilayer
graphene that is dual-gated to create a tunable bandgap and
electron-temperature-dependent conductivity. The measured large electron-phonon
heat resistance is in good agreement with theoretical estimates in magnitude
and temperature dependence, and enables our graphene bolometer operating at a
temperature of 5 K to have a low noise equivalent power (33 fW/Hz1/2). We
employ a pump-probe technique to directly measure the intrinsic speed of our
device, >1 GHz at 10 K.Comment: 5 figure
Gate-tunable black phosphorus spin valve with nanosecond spin lifetimes
Two-dimensional materials offer new opportunities for both fundamental
science and technological applications, by exploiting the electron spin. While
graphene is very promising for spin communication due to its extraordinary
electron mobility, the lack of a band gap restricts its prospects for
semiconducting spin devices such as spin diodes and bipolar spin transistors.
The recent emergence of 2D semiconductors could help overcome this basic
challenge. In this letter we report the first important step towards making 2D
semiconductor spin devices. We have fabricated a spin valve based on ultra-thin
(5 nm) semiconducting black phosphorus (bP), and established fundamental spin
properties of this spin channel material which supports all electrical spin
injection, transport, precession and detection up to room temperature (RT).
Inserting a few layers of boron nitride between the ferromagnetic electrodes
and bP alleviates the notorious conductivity mismatch problem and allows
efficient electrical spin injection into an n-type bP. In the non-local spin
valve geometry we measure Hanle spin precession and observe spin relaxation
times as high as 4 ns, with spin relaxation lengths exceeding 6 um. Our
experimental results are in a very good agreement with first-principles
calculations and demonstrate that Elliott-Yafet spin relaxation mechanism is
dominant. We also demonstrate that spin transport in ultra-thin bP depends
strongly on the charge carrier concentration, and can be manipulated by the
electric field effect
Develop a cost model to evaluate the economic benefit of remanufacturing based on specific technique
Remanufacturing is a process of recovering used products to a like-new condition. It can potentially achieve considerable economic, environmental and social benefits in many applications. However, its economic benefit varies for different products and remanufacturing processes. This research aims to develop a framework and cost model to quantitatively evaluate the benefits of remanufacturing techniques to assist the decision making on end-of-life strategies. Additive manufacturing-based remanufacturing process has been modelled first, then cost breakdown structure for the process has been created, and the cost model has been developed. Validation of the cost model has been conducted based on expert judgement, and a case study has been carried out by using the developed cost model to compare the benefit of remanufacturing a specified component or making a new one
Genome-wide microRNA profiling in human fetal nervous tissues by oligonucleotide microarray
OBJECTS: Our objective was to develop an oligonucleotide DNA microarray (OMA) for genome-wide microRNA profiling and use this method to find miRNAs, which control organic development especially for nervous system. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Eighteen organic samples included cerebrum and spinal cord samples from two aborted human fetuses. One was 12 gestational weeks old (G12w) and the other was 24 gestational weeks old (G24w). Global miRNA expression patterns of different organs were investigated using OMA and Northern blot. CONCLUSION: The OMA revealed that 72–83% of miRNAs were expressed in human fetal organs. A series of microRNAs were found specifically and higher-expressed in the human fetal nervous system and confirmed consistently by Northern blot, which may play a critical role in nervous system development
Second law, entropy production, and reversibility in thermodynamics of information
We present a pedagogical review of the fundamental concepts in thermodynamics
of information, by focusing on the second law of thermodynamics and the entropy
production. Especially, we discuss the relationship among thermodynamic
reversibility, logical reversibility, and heat emission in the context of the
Landauer principle and clarify that these three concepts are fundamentally
distinct to each other. We also discuss thermodynamics of measurement and
feedback control by Maxwell's demon. We clarify that the demon and the second
law are indeed consistent in the measurement and the feedback processes
individually, by including the mutual information to the entropy production.Comment: 43 pages, 10 figures. As a chapter of: G. Snider et al. (eds.),
"Energy Limits in Computation: A Review of Landauer's Principle, Theory and
Experiments
Cardiovascular Events in Patients Received Combined Fibrate/Statin Treatment versus Statin Monotherapy: Acute Coronary Syndrome Israeli Surveys Data
The effect of combination of fibrate with statin on major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE) following acute coronary syndrome (ACS) hospitalization is unclear. The main aim of this study was to investigate the 30-day rate of MACE in patients who participated in the nationwide ACS Israeli Surveys (ACSIS) and were treated on discharge with a fibrate (mainly bezafibrate) and statin combination vs. statin alone.The study population comprised 8,982 patients from the ACSIS 2000, 2002, 2004, 2006, 2008 and 2010 enrollment waves who were alive on discharge and received statin. Of these, 8,545 (95%) received statin alone and 437 (5%) received fibrate/statin combination. MACE was defined as a composite measure of death, recurrent MI, recurrent ischemia, stent thrombosis, ischemic stroke and urgent revascularization.Patients from the combination group were younger (58.1±11.9 vs. 62.9±12.6 years). However, they had significantly more co-morbidities (hypertension, diabetes), current smokers and unfavorable cardio-metabolic profiles (with respect to glucose, total cholesterol, triglyceride and HDL-cholesterol). Development of MACE was recorded in 513 (6.0%) patients from the statin monotherapy group vs. 13 (3.2%) from the combination group, p = 0.01. 30-day re-hospitalization rate was significantly lower in the combination group: 68 (15.6%) vs. 1691 (19.8%) of patients, respectively; p = 0.03. Multivariable analysis identified the fibrate/statin combination as an independent predictor of reduced risk of MACE with odds ratio of 0.54, 95% confidence interval 0.32–0.94.A significantly lower risk of 30-day MACE rate was observed in patients receiving combined fibrate/statin treatment following ACS compared with statin monotherapy. However, caution should be exercised in interpreting these findings taking into consideration baseline differences between our observational study groups
Limits on WWZ and WW\gamma couplings from p\bar{p}\to e\nu jj X events at \sqrt{s} = 1.8 TeV
We present limits on anomalous WWZ and WW-gamma couplings from a search for
WW and WZ production in p-bar p collisions at sqrt(s)=1.8 TeV. We use p-bar p
-> e-nu jjX events recorded with the D0 detector at the Fermilab Tevatron
Collider during the 1992-1995 run. The data sample corresponds to an integrated
luminosity of 96.0+-5.1 pb^(-1). Assuming identical WWZ and WW-gamma coupling
parameters, the 95% CL limits on the CP-conserving couplings are
-0.33<lambda<0.36 (Delta-kappa=0) and -0.43<Delta-kappa<0.59 (lambda=0), for a
form factor scale Lambda = 2.0 TeV. Limits based on other assumptions are also
presented.Comment: 11 pages, 2 figures, 2 table
Search For Heavy Pointlike Dirac Monopoles
We have searched for central production of a pair of photons with high
transverse energies in collisions at TeV using of data collected with the D\O detector at the Fermilab Tevatron in
1994--1996. If they exist, virtual heavy pointlike Dirac monopoles could
rescatter pairs of nearly real photons into this final state via a box diagram.
We observe no excess of events above background, and set lower 95% C.L. limits
of on the mass of a spin 0, 1/2, or 1 Dirac
monopole.Comment: 12 pages, 4 figure
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