Design and Development of Multi Viewpoints Error-Based Simulation and Experimental Evaluation

本研究では，初等力学を対象として，同一問題に対して，力・加速度・速度を作図させ，それぞれの作図に基づいた挙動シミュレーションを生成することで自身の誤りに気付かせる多視点EBSを作成し，実験利用を行ったので報告する

Spontaneous Subcutaneous Sarcoma in a 50-week-old Male Wistar Hannover GALAS Rat

A subcutaneous mass was noted in the abdomen of a 50-week-old male Wistar Hannover GALAS rat. Histologically, the tumor was composed of vimentin-positive small round cells with scant cytoplasm arranged in a trabecular, sheet or pericytoma-like pattern and spindle cells arranged in a bundle pattern and vimentin-negative round cells proliferating in an island-shaped pattern. Argentophilic thin fibers were observed to wrap up the individual cells, and some of the tumor cells showed coexpression of vimentin and cytokeratin that formed juxtanuclear globes in the cytoplasm by double immunohistostaining. Transmission electron microscopy did not reveal any characteristic features suggesting cellular differention toward a specific cell type. Based on these findings, it was difficult to specify the origin, and the tumor was diagnosed as a poorly differentiated mesenchymal tumor and classified as a sarcoma, NOS (not otherwise specified)

Platelet-rich plasma does not reduce skeletal muscle fibrosis after distraction osteogenesis

Background: Skeletal muscle fibrosis caused by an increase in collagen deposition often occurs after distraction osteogenesis. Although studies are available reporting the effects of platelet-rich plasma (PRP) on tissue healing following injury, current findings remain controversial. This study focused on determining whether PRP reduces skeletal muscle fibrosis caused by distraction osteogenesis. Methods: Tibial osteotomies were performed on 8-week-old wild type mice, and tibiae were distracted at a rate of 0.42 mm/day for 2 weeks, starting 1 week after osteotomy. Immediately after distraction was completed (3 weeks after osteotomy), PRP or phosphate buffered saline (as a sham) was injected into the gastrocnemius (GC) muscle. The GC muscles were harvested and analyzed. Results: The amount and area of collagenous tissue increased in both the PRP and control groups following distraction osteogenesis, but the changes were not significantly different between both groups at all time points (p = 0.89, 0.45, 0.33 and 0.52 at 4, 6, 8 and 10 weeks). Conclusion: From this study, our results suggest that PRP did not significantly reduce skeletal muscle fibrosis due to distraction osteogenesis

Renaturation of the mature subtilisin BPN' immobilized on agarose beads

AbstractWe report here another example of renaturation of subtilisin BPN′(Sbtl) by using an immobilized preparation instead of applying a digestible mutant of Streptomyces subtilisin inhibitor (SSI), a proteinaceous inhibitor of Sbtl [M. Matsubara et al. (1994) FEBS Letters 342, 193–196]. The mature Sbtl was immobilized on agarose beads employing the amino group of the protein. After thorough washing, the immobilized Sbtl was subjected to denaturation in 6 M guanidine hydrochloride (GdnHCl) at pH 2.4 for 4 h, followed by renaturation in 2 M potassium acetate at pH 6.5 for 24 h. This denaturation/renaturation cycle was repeated five times. The recovered activity of the renatured immobilized Sbtl settled at a constant level after the third denaturation/renaturation cycle, demonstrating that almost 100% renaturation was attained by use of the immobilized Sbtl. This immobilized Sbtl preparation could well be utilized for the mechanistic study of protein folding. We then found that 2 M potassium acetate was superior to 2 M potassium chloride as a refolding medium and that the ability of SSI to induce the correct shape of the mature Sbtl was lacking in several refolding media in both thermodynamic and kinetic criteria. Thus the main cause for the increase of refolding yield of Sbtl by coexistence of SSI was prevention of the autolysis of Sbtl

季節と天候による骨折リスクの差 : 日本のレセプト情報データベースを用いた、全ての年齢・部位に関する包括的な分析

Although age- and season-specific effects on fracture risk have been reported, the effects of seasonality across different age groups and for different fracture sites have not yet been clarified. Therefore, our study aimed to comprehensively investigate the effects of seasonality on fracture risk across age and fracture sites using a large-scale population database of fracture incidence. Fracture data were accumulated over a 3-year period in the region of Tokyo and in surrounding areas, which accounts for a total population of 42 million. Information on fracture occurrence, fracture site, and patient demographics were obtained from the National Database of Health Insurance Claims and Specific Health Checkups of Japan (NDB). Over the study period, 508,051 fractures were identified across the following five age groups: 0-19, 20-39, 40-64, 65-79, and 80+ years. The incidence rate for fractures in 10 site groups was calculated. Fracture risk was the highest in the spring and autumn for children aged 0-19 years and was the highest in the winter for elderly individuals (65-79 and 80+ years). Toe fractures, which occurred more frequently in the summer, were the most notable exception. The risk of fracture of the distal radius and hip was associated with daily temperature and rainfall and was elevated on days with a mean temperature higher than that of the previous day. Fracture risk exhibited seasonal variations that differed between children and elderly individuals and between toe fractures and fractures at other sites. These findings can help us understand the epidemiology of fractures and develop preventive strategies, as well as aid in the allocation of healthcare resources.博士（医学）・甲第718号・令和元年9月27

Support System for Self-Overcoming of Problem-Solving Failures Using Problem Simplification and Practical Use in Elementary Physics Exercises

問題演習において，問題解決に失敗した学習者に対して行われる活動は一般的にその問題に対する解答・解説などのその問題の解決に関する直接的な教授であった．しかしこれは学習者にとって受動的な学習であったといえる．学習者に能動的に学ばせる上では，直接的にその問題の解き方を教えるのではなく，問題解決失敗を自分で克服させることが望ましいが，解決に失敗している学習者が単独でそれを克服することは難しいことも明らかである．本論文では直接的な教授活動なしで問題解決の失敗を克服する活動を自己克服と呼び，その自己克服を支援する方法として，問題中のできる部分とできない部分を切り分けながら演習を行う単純化方略を提案する．これは個々の問題の構造とその構造に基づく問題間の関係性が明確に定義され，それらの差分の中に学習者の困難さが存在すると仮定できる場合に実現可能な方法である．本論文では，このような条件を満たすドメインである初等力学を対象として，この単純化方略を用いて問題解決失敗の自己克服を支援する演習システムをタブレットPC 上で開発し，高等専門学校の正規の授業で利用した．その結果として，本来は難しいはずの自己克服活動が多く観測されたことから，本システムの有用性が示唆されたと判断している

Validation of the Effects for Correction of MIF misconception by Error-Based Simulation

初等力学の問題解決において発生する誤りの修正のために，学習者の誤りに基づくシミュレーションが提案され，また実践的な利用も行われている．中学生と高専生を対象として行った2件の実践的利用に関して，MIF 素朴概念の修正の効果について分析を行ったため，本論文ではこれを報告する

Intraparenchymal pneumocephalus caused by ethmoid sinus osteoma

金沢大学医薬保健研究域医学系We report a 57-year-old man with intraparenchymal pneumocephalus caused by ethmoid sinus osteoma. He had a history of severe allergic rhinitis, which caused him to frequently blow his nose, and he was referred to our hospital with headache and mild left hemiparesis. CT scans revealed a large volume of intraparenchymal air entrapped in the right frontal lobe related to an osteoma in the ethmoid sinus. The osteoma eroded the upper wall of the sinus and extended into the anterior cranial fossa. At operation, we observed that the osteoma had protruded intracranially through the skull base, disrupted the dura and extended into the frontal lobe. To our knowledge, this is the first report of a patient with intraparenchymal pneumocephalus caused by an ethmoid sinus osteoma. © 2009 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved

Experimental Use of Error-based Simulation for Force on Moving Object in Science Class at Junior High School

初等力学の問題解決においては，対象としている系にはたらく力の把握が必要であるが，この過程が最も難しいとされており，学習支援の対象として重要といえる．筆者らはこれまでに，このはたらく力を対象とした学習支援として，物体が速度をもたない静止系における力の把握を対象として，学習者の誤りに基づくシミュレーションであるError-based Simulation（EBS）の利用を試みており，授業での利用を通して学習効果の確認も行っている．本研究では，物体が速度をもつ運動系を対象としたEBS による学習支援効果の調査を授業での利用を通して行った．結果として，事前テストにおける成績と，利用方法により効果が異なることが示された