Study, Design and Implementation of VLC With Angular Diversity Receiver for IoT Systems

This paper presents the performance analysis of angular diversity receivers (ADRs) and proposes a novel ADR system for visible light communication (VLC) in Internet of Things (IoT) sensor networks. The numerical analysis applying the combining techniques indicates that any combination of ADR types and diversity techniques can enhance performance. Therefore, a frustum-type ADR is implemented in the experimental demonstration with the equal gain combining (EGC) for signal-to-noise (SNR) enhancement. The ADR and the transceiver’s analog front end (AFE) are designed and prototyped. The proposed ADR system shows a 4 dB increase in received SNR under two access points. The bit error rate (BER) is also improved, and the link coverage is more than doubled. Additionally, to show the feasibility of the IoT application, a real-time sensor network system using the ADR is demonstrated. This experimental duplex system indicates the benefits in a practical scenario by showing packet error rate (PER) and response time

A Regulable Internal Cavity inside a Resorcinarene‐Based Hemicarcerand

Covalent organic capsules, such as carcerands and hemicarcerands, are an interesting class of molecular hosts. These container molecules have confined spaces capable of hosting small molecules, although the fact that the size of the inner cavities cannot be changed substantially limits the scope of their applications. The title covalently linked container was produced by metal‐directed dimerization of a resorcinarene‐based cavitand having four 2,2′‐bipyridyl arms on the wide rim followed by olefin metathesis at the vertices of the resulting capsule with a second‐generation Grubbs catalyst. The covalently linked bipyridyl arms permit expansion of the inner cavity by demetalation. This structural change influences the molecular recognition properties; the metal‐coordinated capsule recognizes only 4,4′‐diacetoxybiphenyl, whereas the metal‐free counterpart can encapsulate not only 4,4′‐diacetoxybiphenyl, but also 2,5‐disubstituted‐1,4‐bis(4‐acetoxyphenylethynyl)benzene, which is 9.4 Å longer than the former guest. Molecular mechanics calculations predict that the capsule expands the internal cavity to encapsulate the long guest by unfolding the folded conformation of the alkyl chains, which demonstrates the flexible and regulable nature of the cavity. Guest competition experiments show that the preferred guest can be switched by metalation and demetalation. This external‐stimuli‐responsive guest exchange can be utilized for the development of functional supramolecular systems controlling the uptake, transport, and release of chemicals.This work was supported by JSPS KAKENHI Grant Numbers 18K05085, JP17H05375, JP19H04585, and JP17H05159. Funding from the Ogasawara Foundation for the Promotion of Science & Engineering, the Futaba Electronics Memorial Foundation, the Nippon Sheet Glass Foundation, the Iketani Science and Technology Foundation, the Takahashi Industrial and Economic Research Foundation, and the Fukuoka Naohiko Memorial Foundation is gratefully acknowledged