70 research outputs found

    Toward digital twins for sawmill production planning and control : benefits, opportunities and challenges

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    Sawmills are key elements of the forest product industry supply chain, and they play important economic, social, and environmental roles. Sawmill production planning and control are, however, challenging owing to severalfactors, including, but not limited to, the heterogeneity of the raw material. The emerging concept of digital twins introduced in the context of Industry 4.0 has generated high interest and has been studied in a variety of domains, including production planning and control. In this paper, we investigate the benefits digital twins would bring to the sawmill industry via a literature review on the wider subject of sawmill production planning and control. Opportunities facilitating their implementation, as well as ongoing challenges from both academic and industrial perspectives, are also studied

    Tissue hypoxia during acute hemorrhage

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    Lack of causal link between muscle [H +

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    Last Word on Viewpoint: Precedence and autocracy in breathing control

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    Etude des mécanismes physiopathologiques impliqués dans les apnées centrales du sommeil associées à l'insuffisance cardiaque chronique : données expérimentales animales et applications à l'Homme

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    La régulation chimique de la ventilation joue un rôle important durant le sommeil. Son implication possible dans la survenue d'apnées centrales du sommeil associées à la respiration périodique de Cheyne-Stokes dans l'insuffisance cardiaque sévère est l'objet de ce travail. Il comporte trois études expérimentales chez l'animal pour préciser comment une hypocapnie peut engendrer des apnées centrales, les structures anatomiques mises en jeu et les mécanismes physiopathologiques responsables d'une facilitation des apnées centrales en cas d'insuffisance cardiaque. Une préparation canine non anesthésiée, reproduisant une ventilation périodique par hyperventilation transitoire durant le sommeil a plus particulièrement été étudiée. Nous nous sommes intéressés aux conditions pouvant entraîner une modification du seuil d'apnée : pression partielle de CO2 au dessous de laquelle la ventilation s'arrête. Deux mécanismes, possiblement mis en jeu en pathologie humaine et aboutissant à une plus grande susceptibilité aux apnées centrales ont été étudiés: 1-la modification de l'activité des chémorécepteurs artériels 2- la congestion vasculaire pulmonaire. Si les chémorécepteurs artériels sont particulièrement impliqués la genèse des apnées centrales induites par l'hypocapnie et les structures cardio-respiratoires mises en jeu lors d'un œdème pulmonaire peuvent favoriser la constitution d'une respiration périodique chez le chien, ils ne peuvent tout expliquer. La pertinence de ces résultats doit être évaluée chez l'Homme et l'implication d'informations non chimiosensibles dans la survenue d'apnées centrales du sommeil reste à étudier.During sleep, control of breathing is greatly influenced by metabolic information. Whether this chemical control of ventilation is involved in the genesis of central sleep apneas with CheyneStokes respiration in severe congestive heart patients is unknown and the subject of our work. It includes three series of experiments in animal models to clarify the mechanisms involved in the hypocapnia-induced apneas, the anatomical structures mediating such a ventilatory response and the specific effects of heart failure on the control of breathing, leading to an increased susceptibility to central apneas. More specifically a sleeping dog model was used, allowing the study of periodic breathing induced by a transient hyperventilation, with and without any acute pulmonary vascular congestion. We were interested in conditions capable of changing the apneic threshold defined as the arterial or end-expiratory partial carbon dioxide pressure below which ventilation ceases. Two mechanisms possibly involved in human pathology were investigated : 1- changes in the activity of the peripheral chemoreceptors 2- pulmonary vascular congestion. Whereas the arterial chemoreceptors are involved in the genesis of hypocapnia-induced apneas and the cardio-respiratory structures activated by a pulmonary edema facilitate the occurrence of central apneas, these mechanisms were not able to fully explain the description of the Cheyne-Stokes respiration in Humans. The relevance of these results must be evaluated in Human and the role played by the non-chemical information of the control of breathing in the genesis of central apneas must be more precisely studied.NANCY1-SCD Medecine (545472101) / SudocSudocFranceF

    Cardiogenic shock induced reduction in cellular O 2

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