Detection of microRNA Clusters Associated with Prostate Cancer

MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are a class of small non- coding RNAs of 22 nucleotides which normally function as negative regulators of target mRNA expression at the posttran- scriptional level. miRNAs play a role for one or more target genes by suppressing in processes as growth, differentiation, proliferation and cell death. Recent evidence has shown that miRNA mutations or mis-expression correlate with various hu- man cancers and indicates that miRNAs can function as tumour suppressors and oncogenes. MicroRNAs have been shown to repress the expression of important cancer-related genes and might prove useful in the diagnosis and treatment of cancer. In this study, hierarchical microRNA clusters are obtained through microarray expression data in order to analyze the microRNA prostate cancer relationships. Clustering results are evaluated by their biological relevance. It is seen that such approach can be useful in detectitn relationships between microRNAs and diseases

Comparison of the Effect of Different Anesthesia Maintenance on Hemodynamics in Coronary Artery Bypass Grafting Surgery: A Retrospective Cohort Study

Objective:General anesthesia management in coronary artery bypass graft surgery (CABGC) should preserve myocardial function, prevent ischemic damage, and maintain stable hemodynamics. There is not a universally accepted technique for anesthetic management during CABGC. Drugs or drug combinations and maintenance of infusions are decided based on the pathophysiological condition of the patient and the individual preference and experience of the anesthesiologist (1). Although there are many studies about an anesthesia induction in CABGC, studies about anesthetic maintenance are very limited. In this study, we compared the hemodynamic effects of three different methods that were used in anesthetic maintenance in CABGC.Method:The retrospective records of 108 patients in ASA II-III group who underwent elective CABGC were divided into 3 groups according to their anesthetic maintenance methods. Group I was maintained with 1-3% sevoflurane and fentanyl 4 mcg/kg/hour infusion, group II with propofol 1.5-4 mg/kg/hour and fentanyl 4 mcg/kg/hour infusion, and group III with propofol 1.5-4 mg/kg/hour and remifentanil infusion of 0.03 mg/kg/hour. Systolic blood pressure, diastolic blood pressure, mean arterial pressure (MAP) and heart rate (HR) were measured and recorded after induction (T0), after sternotomy (T1), after pericardiotomy (T2), 5 minutes after cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) (T3), after thorax closure (T4), at the end of the operation (T5). The vasodilator requirements in the time period before CBP and the inotropic agent requirements after CPB were noted.Results:Data of 108 patients (88 men/20 women) were analyzed. Demographic characteristics of the patients were similar in all the groups. Statistical analysis was made among the groups depending on coronary artery bypass graft number, cross-clamp time, total fluid administration, total blood transfusion, total urine volume, inotropic agent requirement after CPB, postoperative central venous pressure, and pre- and postoperative lactate levels; however, there was no statistical difference. There was not change more than 20-25% in MAP and HR in group I than the others.Conclusion:Better hemodynamic results were achived with sevoflurane and fentanyl in the anesthetic maintenance of CABGC

Comparison between pulmonary arterial and aortic root venting and their effects on pulmonary functions following CABG surgery

Koroner arter bypass ameliyatında kullanılan pulmoner arteryel venting ya da çıkan aort kökü venting yöntemlerinin ameliyat sonrası solunum fonksiyonları üzerindeki etkileri karşılaştırıldı. Çalışma planı: Koroner arter bypass ameliyatı yapılan 301 hasta kullanılan venting yöntemine göre iki grupta incelendi. Aort kökü ventingi (grup I) 151 hastada (109 erkek, 42 kadın; ort. yaş 61±9), pulmoner arteryel ventingi (grup II) 150 hastada (79 erkek, 71 kadın; ort. yaş 61±10) kullanıldı. İki grubun amaliyat öncesi, amaliyattaki ve ameliyat sonrası verileri karşılaştırıldı. Bulgular: Ortalama anastomoz sayısı grup I'de 2.8±0.8, grup II'de 2.4±0.8 (p=0.001), kros klemp süresi grup I'de 42.7±17.4 dk, grup II'de 54.1±23.8 dk (p=0.001) bulundu. Kardiyopulmoner bypass zamanı iki grupta benzer idi (sırasıyla 86.4±56.1 dk ve 77.4±28.6 dk). Ameliyat sonrası ortalama PO2 grup I'de 92.8±4.8 mmHg, grup II'de 106.9±22 mmHg (p=0.001) bulunurken, SO2 değerleri sırasıyla 97.3±23.4% ve 96±8% idi (p=0.001). İki grup, göğüs tüpü drenaji ve kan transfüzyonu miktarları, entübasyon süresi, yoğun bakım ünitesinde ve hastanede kalış süreleri açısından anlamlı farklılık göstermedi. Nazotrakeal aspirasyon grup I'de 20 hastada (%80) gerekirken, grup II'de beş hastada (%20) gerekti (p=0.002). Bronkodilatör ihtiyacı (p=0.01) ve atriyal fibrilasyon gelişimi (p=0.02) grup II'de anlamlı derecede daha azdı. Yeniden entübasyon yedi hastada gerekti; bu hastaların hepsi grup I'de idi (p=0.001). Sonuç: Pulmoner arteryel venting ile akciğerlerin ve sol kalp boşluklarının dekompresyonu etkin bir şekilde sağlanabilir. Aortik venting yöntemiyle karşılaştırıldığında, hastaların ameliyat sonrası solunum fonksiyonları daha iyi olmaktadır. We compared the effects of pulmonary artery and ascending aorta root venting on postoperative pulmonary functions following coronary artery bypass graft (CABG) surgery. Methods: A total of 301 patients undergoing CABG were divided into two groups according to the method of venting. Aortic root venting (group I) was performed in 151 patients (109 males, 42 females; mean age 61±9 years), and pulmonary arterial venting (group II) was performed in 150 patients (79 males, 71 females; mean age 61±10 years). Preopererative, intraoperative, and postoperative findings were compared. Results: The mean number of anastomoses was 2.8±0.8 in group I, and 2.4±0.8 in group II (p=0.001). The mean duration of cross clamping was 42.7±17.4 min in group I, and 54.1±23.8 min in group II (p=0.001). The two groups did not differ with respect to the mean duration of cardiopulmonary bypass (86.4±56.1 min vs 77.4±28.6 min). The mean postoperative PO2 was 92.8±4.8 mmHg in group I, and 106.9±22 mmHg in group II (p=0.001). The corresponding figures for SO2 were 97.3±23.4% and 96±8%, respectively (p=0.001). The amount of chest tube drainage and blood transfusion, intubation time, intensive care unit stay, and hospital stay were similar in the two groups. Nasotracheal aspiration was required in 20 patients (80%) in group I, and in five patients (20%) in group II (p=0.002). The need for bronchodilator treatment and the development of atrial fibrillation were significantly less in group II (p=0.01 and p=0.02, respectively). All the patients that needed reintubation (n=7) were in group I (p=0.001). Conclusion: Pulmonary arterial venting enables effective decompression of the lungs and left ventricle and is associated with better postoperative pulmonary functions compared to aortic ventin

Graft Choice and Timing of Coronary Bypass Surgery in Patients with Vasculitis Syndromes: Two Cases Report

Polyarteritis nodosa is multisystem disease with necrotizing vasculitis of middle and small sized arteries. Takayasu arteritis is a rare nonspecific inflammatory disease with unknown cause, predominantly affecting the aorta and its main branches. In the literature, experience about the appropriate graft selection and the long-term patency is reported for vasculitis syndromes such as Takayasus arteritis but there were no data for Polyarteritis Nodosa. In this article we review the graft choice for patients with vasculitis syndromes and our coronary revascularization surgery experience with two patients, one with Polyarteritis Nodosa and the other with Takayasus arteritis. There has not yet a consensus on graft choice for patients with vasculitis syndromes and it will be possible more accurate assessment if the number of cases increases. [Med-Science 2014; 3(4.000): 1719-24

Prediction of Protein Metal Binding Sites Using Deep Neural Networks

Metals have crucial roles for many physiological, pathological and diagnostic processes. Metal binding proteins or metalloproteins are important for metabolism functions. The proteins that reach the three-dimensional structure by folding show which vital function is fulfilled. The prediction of metal-binding in proteins will be considered as a step-in function assignment for new proteins, which helps to obtain functional proteins in genomic studies, is critical to protein function annotation and drug discovery. Computational predictions made by using machine learning methods from the data obtained from amino acid sequences are widely used in the protein metal-binding and various bioinformatics fields. In this work, we present three different deep learning architectures for prediction of metal-binding of Histidines (HIS) and Cysteines (CYS) amino acids. These architectures are as follows: 2D Convolutional Neural Network, Long-Short Term Memory and Recurrent Neural Network. Their comparison is carried out on the three different sets of attributes derived from a public dataset of protein sequences. These three sets of features extracted from the protein sequence were obtained using the PAM scoring matrix, protein composition server, and binary representation methods. The results show that a better performance for prediction of protein metal- binding sites is obtained through Convolutional Neural Network architecture

Prediction of Protein Metal Binding Sites Using Deep Neural Networks

Metals have crucial roles for many physiological, pathological and diagnostic processes. Metal binding proteins or metalloproteins are important for metabolism functions. The proteins that reach the three-dimensional structure by folding show which vital function is fulfilled. The prediction of metal-binding in proteins will be considered as a step-in function assignment for new proteins, which helps to obtain functional proteins in genomic studies, is critical to protein function annotation and drug discovery. Computational predictions made by using machine learning methods from the data obtained from amino acid sequences are widely used in the protein metal-binding and various bioinformatics fields. In this work, we present three different deep learning architectures for prediction of metal-binding of Histidines (HIS) and Cysteines (CYS) amino acids. These architectures are as follows: 2D Convolutional Neural Network, Long-Short Term Memory and Recurrent Neural Network. Their comparison is carried out on the three different sets of attributes derived from a public dataset of protein sequences. These three sets of features extracted from the protein sequence were obtained using the PAM scoring matrix, protein composition server, and binary representation methods. The results show that a better performance for prediction of protein metal- binding sites is obtained through Convolutional Neural Network architecture

Combined transdiaphragmatic off-pump and minimally invasive coronary artery bypass with right gastroepiploic artery and abdominal aortic aneurysm repair

Objective: Rare diseas

Ruptured Non-Coronary Sinus of Valsalva Aneurysm with Left Ventricular Outflow Tract-Left Atrial Fistula Sol Ventrikül Çıkım Yolu ile Sol Atrium Arasında Fistül Oluşturan Rüptüre Non-Koroner Sinüs Valsalva Anevrizması

Aneurysm of the aortic sinus is a rare pathology and may remain clinically asymptomatic until rupture occurs. The rupture is seen most commonly into the right side of the heart but occasionally into the pericardium, the pulmonary artery, and the left ventricle. Only a few cases have been reported of rupture of a noncoronary sinus of valsalva aneurysm into the left atrium. We report a case of previously healthy 68 years old male who suddenly developed chest pain and pulmonary edema. Echocardiography and angiography revealed a rupture of a noncoronary sinus of valsalva aneurysm into the left atrium. Key Words: Aneurysm of sinus valsalva; noncoronary sinus; left atrial fistula Aortik sinüs anevrizması nadir görülen bir patoloji olup rüptür oluşana kadar asemptomatik kalabilmektedir. Rüptür olursa sıklıkla kalbin sağ tarafına, zaman zaman da; perikardiuma, pulmoner artere ve sol ventriküle olabilir. Non-koroner sinüs valsalva anevrizmasının sol atriuma rüptüre olduğu ancak birkaç vaka rapor edilmiştir. Daha önce herhangi bir yakınması olmayan 68 yaşında erkek hastada ani gelişen göğüs ağrısı ve akciğer ödemi tablosu sonrası yapılan ekokardiyografi ve anjiografide non-koroner sinüs valsalva anevrizmasının sol atriuma rüptüre olduğu saptandı. Bu nadir durumu olgu sunumumuzda paylaşmak istedik. Anahtar Kelimeler: Sinüs valsalva anevrizması; nonkoroner sinüs; sol atrial fistül ABSTRACT ÖZE

Does pulmonary artery venting decrease the incidence of postoperative atrial fibrillation after conventional aortocoronary bypass surgery?

Objectives: In this study, we tested the hypothesis that pulmonary artery venting would decrease the incidence of atrial fibrillation after coronary artery bypass surgery. Methods: This prospective study included 301 patients who underwent complete myocardial revascularization with cardiopulmonary bypass in our department during a 2-year period. The patients were randomly divided into 2 groups: group I included 151 patients who underwent aortic root venting and group II included 150 patients who underwent pulmonary arterial venting for decompression of the left heart. Pre-, peri-, and postoperative risk factors for atrial fibrillation were assessed in both groups. Results: The mean age was similar in the 2 groups. The mean number of anastomoses was significantly higher in group I (2.8 ± 0.8) than in group II (2.4 ± 0.8) (P = 0.001). The mean cross-clamp time was 42.7 ± 17.4 minutes in group I and 54.1 ± 23.8 minutes in group II (P = 0.001). The mean cardiopulmonary bypass time was 66.4 ± 46.1 minutes in group I and 77.4 ± 28.6 minutes in group II (P = 0.08). The incidence of atrial fibrillation was 14.5% (n = 21) in group I and 6.5% (n = 10) in group II (P = 0.02). Multivariate regression analysis showed that pulmonary artery venting decreased the postoperative incidence of atrial fibrillation by 17.6%. Conclusions: Pulmonary arterial venting may be used as an alternative to aortic root venting during on-pump coronary bypass surgery, especially in patients at high risk of postoperative atrial fibrillation. © 2013 Forum Multimedia Publishing, LLC