Wahrnehmung des Klimawandels bei Patienten mit chronischen Lungenerkrankungen.

Zusammenfassung: Der Klimawandel wirkt sich auf die menschliche Gesundheit aus. P a tienten mit Lungenerkrankungen sind diesb e züglich besonders gefährdet. Die su bjektive Wahrnehmung der Patienten und ihre Reaktion auf die Umweltveränd e- rungen wurde n bi s lang nicht untersucht. Wir befragten 172 Patienten mit Lungene r- krankung, die eine Rehabilitationsma ß- nahme durchliefen, sowie 832 gesunde To u- risten in der Alpenregion zu ihrer Wah r- nehmung vom Klimawandel betroffen zu sein. Patienten zeigten ein stärkeres B e- wusstsein bzgl. gesundheitsbezogener Fo l- gen des Klim a wandels. Jedoch wurde das Risiko von Hi t zetagen unterschätzt

On the origin of A-tents (pop-ups), sheet structures, and associated forms

Copyright © 2009 by SAGE PublicationsA-tents are also known as pop-ups and by several other local names. They consist of raised slabs or plates of various thicknesses and origins. Laminae are caused by weathering, and spall plates or slabs may be caused in part by freeze-thaw acting on water held in pre-existing partings which are, however, like the sheet fractures that define the thicker sheet structures, probably of tectonic origin. A-tents are the result of the buckling of such laminae, plates and slabs. Again, tectonism in the form of compressive horizontal stress, appears the most likely and common causation, though decreases in lithostatic pressure consequent on unloading and, in particular cases, surficial expansion of plates caused by the intense heat of fires, may also contribute to rock failure and rupture. All A-tents are of Holocene age and are, therefore, neotectonic forms. Some have developed in living memory, and some are known to be developing from blisters. There is some evidence of continued dislocation along sheet fractures and of the transformation of blisters or arches into A-tents under the influence of continued lateral compression. This review demonstrates, therefore, that A-tents, sheet structures, and associated forms share a common heritage

Semaphorin signals in cell adhesion and cell migration: functional role and molecular mechanisms

Cell migration is pivotal in embryo development and in the adult. During development a wide range of progenitor cells travel over long distances before undergoing terminal differentiation. Moreover, the morphogenesis of epithelial tissues and of the cardiovascular system involves remodelling compact cell layers and sprouting of new tubular branches. In the adult, cell migration is essential for leucocytes involved in immune response. Furthermore, invasive and metastatic cancer cells have the distinctive ability to overcome normal tissue boundaries, travel in and out of blood vessels, and settle down in heterologous tissues. Cell migration normally follows strict guidance cues, either attractive, or inhibitory and repulsive. Semaphorins are a wide family of signals guiding cell migration during development and in the adult. Recent findings have established that semaphorin receptors, the plexins, govern cell migration by regulating integrin-based cell substrate adhesion and actin cytoskeleton dynamics, via specific monomeric GTPases. Plexins furthermore recruit tyrosine kinases in receptor complexes, which allows switching between multiple signaling pathways and functional outcomes. In this article, we will review the functional role of semaphorins in cell migration and the implicated molecular mechanisms controlling cell adhesion