Consonant Random Sets: Structure and Properties

Abstract. In this paper, we investigate consonant random sets from the point of view of lattice theory. We introduce a new definition of consonancy and study its relationship with possibility measures as upper probabilities. This allows us to improve a number of results from the literature. Finally, we study the suitability of consonant random sets as models of the imprecise observation of random variables

Assessment of Ciguatera and other phycotoxin-related risks in Anaho Bay (Nuku Hiva Island, French Polynesia) : molecular, toxicological, and chemical analyses of passive samplers

Ciguatera poisoning is a foodborne illness caused by the consumption of seafood contaminated with ciguatoxins (CTXs) produced by dinoflagellates from the genera Gambierdiscus and Fukuyoa. The suitability of Solid Phase Adsorption Toxin Tracking (SPATT) technology for the monitoring of dissolved CTXs in the marine environment has recently been demonstrated. To refine the use of this passive monitoring tool in ciguateric areas, the effects of deployment time and sampler format on the adsorption of CTXs by HP20 resin were assessed in Anaho Bay (Nuku Hiva Island, French Polynesia), a well-known ciguatera hotspot. Toxicity data assessed by means of the mouse neuroblastoma cell-based assay (CBA-N2a) showed that a 24 h deployment of 2.5 g of resin allowed concentrating quantifiable amounts of CTXs on SPATT samplers. The CTX levels varied with increasing deployment time, resin load, and surface area. In addition to CTXs, okadaic acid (OA) and dinophysistoxin-1 (DTX1) were also detected in SPATT extracts using liquid chromatographycoupled to tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS), consistent with the presence of Gambierdiscus and Prorocentrum species in the environment, as assessed by quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) and high-throughput sequencing (HTS) metabarcoding analyses conducted on passive window screen (WS) artificial substrate samples. Although these preliminary findings await further confirmation in follow-up studies, they highlight the usefulness of SPATT samplers in the routine surveillance of CPrisk on a temporal scale, and the monitoring of other phycotoxin-related risks in ciguatera-prone areas

Efeito do substrato e da época de coleta dos ramos no enraizamento de estacas de ameixeira (Prunus salicina Lindl.) Effect of substrate and time of cutting collection on rooting of cuttings of plum (Prunus salicina Lindl.)

O trabalho foi realizado em casa de vegetação do Departamento de Fitotecnia da Faculdade de Agronomia Eliseu Maciel, Universidade Federal de Pelotas, com o objetivo de verificar o efeito de diversos substratos no enraizamento de estacas de ameixeira em diferentes épocas de coleta dos ramos. Foram utilizadas estacas medianas da cultivar Frontier, com comprimento de 15cm e um par de folhas, coletadas nos meses de novembro de 1993, janeiro e março de 1994, obtidas em um pomar comercial com 8 anos de idade. Todas as estacas utilizadas foram tratadas com ácido indolbutirico na concentração de 3000ppm, introduziu-se em torno delem da base das estacas em ácido indolbutirico, na forma de pó e colocou-se em tubetes, acondicionados em bandejas de isopor, contendo diferentes substratos: areia média lavada; vermiculila de grânulos médios; cinza de casca de arroz e serragem de eucalipto, utilizados isolados e em misturas (1: 1v/v). O período de permanência das estacas na casa de vegetação foi de 60 dias. Observou-se maiores índices de enraizamento na coleta dos ramos realizadas em janeiro e março, e que o substrato areia + serragem proporcionou os maiores percentuais de estacas enraizadas com 68,22% e 65,99% nos meses de janeiro e março.<br>This work was carried out in a greenhouse with intermittent mist out at the plant Science Department, Eliseu Maciel Agronomy College of Federal University of Pelotas (Brazil), aiming to evaluate the effect of different substratos and time of cutting on rooting of pium cuttings. Mild cuttings with 15cm length andapair of ieaves of Frontier cultivar were coilected from a commercial orchard eight years old in November 1993, January and March 1994. All cuttings were treated with indolbutiric acid (IBA) at 3000ppm concentration introducing about 1.0cm of their basal end in IBA powder and placed in tubes on isopor trays containing different substratos: washed mild sand: vermiculite of medium grains; rice husk ash and saw dust, utilized as isolated or as mixtures (1:1 v/v). Cuttings were kept on substratos for 60 days. The results demonstrated that the higher rooted cuttings percentage were obtained for cuttings collected in January and in March. The mixture of sand and saw dust gave the higher number of cuttings rooting with 68.22% and 65.99% for January and March