Histomorphological evaluation of the digital coronary region at different fetal development stages of Holstein cattle

The scientific literature lacks detailed morphological descriptions of the histological development and cell differentiation of fetal bovine hoof. In this study, 40 extremity members of Holstein bovine fetuses were collected and divided into four groups (G1 to G4) based on the estimated age. Fragments were removed from wall and sole, processed and stained with hematoxylin - eosin (HE) for light microscopy observation. In G1, it was found that the epidermis was very thin, including keratinocyte layers and clusters of mesenchymal cells. In group G2 it was observed that the thickness of the epidermis covering the limbs remained variable and laminar corium developed in the germinal layer. In group G3 it was noted that in the germinal epithelium there were papillae in little advanced development and cells of the stratum corneum in the initial process of keratinization. In G4, the epidermis was well developed with layers distributed homogeneously, containing symmetrical and long papillae and intense production of keratin. In this work, the most important cellular events for the formation of the fetal hoof in Holstein cattle were first described in different stages of their formation

Pré-tratamento com água e doses de ácido indolbutírico para estaquia herbácea de pitangueiras Pre-treatments with water and indole butyric acid dosis for herbaceous cuttings of Surinam cherry

No Brasil, a maioria dos pomares de pitangueira (Eugenia uniflora) é formada por mudas do tipo pé-franco, o que torna os plantios com baixa uniformidade genética. A propagação vegetativa via estaquia é uma alternativa viável para propagação de diversas espécies frutíferas, podendo ser utilizada também com as espécies nativas, proporcionando a formação de pomares homogêneos, com a produção de mudas com alta sanidade, além de antecipar a produção. Nesse contexto, conduziu-se um estudo visando à multiplicação vegetativa da pitangueira, em que se testou a estaquia herbácea a partir de estacas coletadas de plantas matrizes jovens e adultas, submetidas a três períodos de imersão em água (0, 24 ou 48 horas), além da aplicação de doses de ácido indolbutírico (0, 2000, 4000 e 6000mg L-1). Foram avaliadas a sobrevivência (%), a retenção e a emissão foliar (n&deg; folhas/ estaca), a calogênese (%) e enraizamento das estacas (%). Ao final do experimento, avaliou-se massa fresca e seca de parte aérea e raiz, número de folhas e área foliar. O delineamento experimental foi o completamente casualizado, com três repetições de dez plantas por tratamento para os parâmetros não destrutivos e três repetições de cinco plantas por tratamento para os parâmetros destrutivos. A estaquia herbácea foi eficiente para produzir mudas de pitangueira, especialmente quando utilizadas estacas oriundas de plantas jovens sem necessidade de pré-lavagem nem adição de auxinas exógenas.<br>In Brazil, most of the Surinam cherry (Eugenia uniflora) orchards is formed by ungrafted plants, which makes the plantations have low genetic uniformity. The vegetative minicutting propagation is a viable alternative for the propagation of several fruit species, and can also be used with native species providing the formation of orchards with homogeneous populations of plants, with production of seedlings with high health and accelerated propagation process. In this context, a study for the multiplication of Surinam cherry was conduced with herbaceous cuttings, taken from young and adult mother plants, immersed in indole butyric acid doses (0, 2000, 4000 and 6000mg L-1), in three different water periods (0, 24 or 48 hours). Survival rate (%), leaf retention and emission (No. leaves /cutting), callus rate (%) and rooting (%) were evaluated. At the end of the experiment, were also evaluated fresh and dry weight of shoot and root, leaf number and leaf area. The experiment has a completely randomized design with three replications of ten plants per treatment for nom destructive and three replications of five plants per treatment for the destrutive parameters. The herbaceous cuttings were efficient to produce seedlings of Surinam cherry, particularly when using cuttings derived from seedlings in the absence of the immersion in water and exogenous auxin

Desenvolvimento Vegetativo e morfologia radicular de citrange carrizo afetado por ácido indolbutírico e micorrizas arbusculares Vegetative development and root morphology of carrizo citrange affected by indolebutyric acid and arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi

Este estudo foi realizado na localidade de Alcanar (Tarragona, Espanha) e objetivou avaliar o efeito de cinco concentrações do ácido indolbutírico (AIB) (0,0; 0,5; 1,0; 1,5; 2,0 g/L) e da inoculação com micorrizas arbusculares (MA) (Glomus intraradices Schenck & Smith) sobre o desenvolvimento vegetativo, conteúdo foliar de P e K e morfologia radicular de plântulas de citrange Carrizo (Citrus sinensis (L.) X Poncirus trifoliata (L.) Raf.). Utilizou-se o delineamento experimental de blocos completos casualisados em esquema fatorial, com 4 repetições e 10 plantas por parcela. A aplicação de AIB não alterou o desenvolvimento vegetativo das plântulas cultivadas em ausência de MA, apesar de haver incrementado a quantidade de P e K e a espessura dos feixes vasculares. As MA incrementaram o conteúdo de P foliar. Encontrou-se uma interação positiva entre o AIB e as MA, pois as plântulas micorrizadas apresentaram um incremento no desenvolvimento vegetativo, nos conteúdos foliares de P e K e na espessura dos feixes vasculares com o aumento das concentrações de AIB.<br>This study was carried out in Alcanar (Tarragona - Spain) to evaluate the effect of five indolebutyric acid (IBA) concentrations (0.0; 0.5; 1.0; 1.5; 2.0 g/L) and inoculation with arbuscular mycorrhizae fungi (AMF) (Glomus intraradices Schenck & Smith) on Carrizo citrange (Citrus sinensis (L.) x Poncirus trifoliata (L.) Raf.) vegetative development, P and K foliar contents and root morphology. The experimental design was in a Completly Randomized Block Design with 10 seedlings per plot and 4 replicates. The IBA concentrations had no effect on vegetative development of nonmycorrhizal seedlings, althougt it had increased P and K foliar contents and primary xylem tickness. AMF increased P foliar content. IBA x AMF interaction was observed, increasing IBA concentrations on mycorrhizal seedlings resulted in increased in vegetative development, P and K foliar contents and primary xylem thickness