Caracterização química e mineralógica de agregados de diferentes classes de tamanho de Latossolos Bruno e Vermelho localizados no estado do Paraná Chemical and mineralogical characterization of the different structure size classes of Red-Yellow and Dusky Red Latosols in Paraná, Brazil

O teor e a forma dos minerais da fração argila são determinantes na definição da morfologia dos agregados do solo. Objetivando estudar a mineralogia da fração argila e as propriedades químicas de diferentes classes de agregados de Latossolos (Latossolo Bruno Ácrico húmico - LBd e Latossolo Vermelho Distroférrico húmico - LVdf) originados de rochas basálticas no Estado do Paraná, coletaram-se amostras indeformadas em diferentes profundidades (horizontes Bw1 e Bw2) em perfis de solos localizados em duas toposseqüências (quatro perfis no LBd e três no LVdf). Após secagem e separação das amostras indeformadas em seis classes de agregados (2-4; 1-2; 0,5-1; 0,25-0,5; 0,105-0,25; < 0,105 mm) determinaram-se os teores de Si solúvel em ácido acético 0,5 mol L-1 e de K, Ca, Mg e Al trocáveis. A fração argila das diferentes classes de agregados também foi estudada por diferentes técnicas: difratometria de raios X, análise térmica e análises químicas. Verificou-se homogeneidade nos teores trocáveis de elementos entre as classes de tamanho de agregados dos horizontes Bw1 e Bw2 dos perfis dos Latossolos Bruno e Vermelho. A intensa e contínua pedogênese dos Latossolos não foi suficiente para homogeneizar a mineralogia da fração argila (característica mais estável que a dos teores trocáveis) dos agregados. A maior variação nos teores de minerais, em função da classe de tamanho dos agregados, foi para o perfil localizado na posição mais alta da toposseqüência do LBd: variação de 35 % nos teores de gibbsita no horizonte Bw1 e 44 % nos teores de caulinita no horizonte Bw2. Considerando, ainda, o efeito da classe de tamanho dos agregados sobre a mineralogia dos horizontes Bw1 e Bw2 do LBd e LVdf, verificaram-se variações em algumas características cristalográficos da goethita e hematita - diâmetro médio do cristal (DMC) e intensidade de substituição isomórfica de Fe por Al - e da caulinita (DMC).<br>The content and shap of clay minerals are important in the definition of soil structure morphology. To evaluate the clay mineralogy and chemical properties of different aggregate size-classes of Latosols (Red-Yellow - LBd and Dusky Red - LVdf) derived from basalt in the state of Paraná, Brazil, soil samples of the Bw1 and Bw2 horizons were collected in four LBd and three LVdf profiles, distributed across two distinct toposequences. Dried and undisturbed soil samples were separated into six size-classes (2-4; 1-2; 0.5-1; 0.25-0.5; 0.105-0.25; < 0.105 mm) and the soluble Si in 0,5 mol L-1 acetic acid and exchangeable K, Ca, Mg and Al contents were determined. The clay fraction extracted from each aggregate size-class was investigated by X-ray diffraction, thermal analysis and chemical analysis. The content of exchangeable elements did not vary among the aggregate size-classes in the Bw1 and Bw2 horizons for Red-Yellow and Dusky Red Latosol profiles. In spite of the high and continuous weathering of these soils the mineralogical characteristics of the aggregate clay fraction were not homogenized. The highest variation in the mineral contents, according to the aggregate size class, was observed for the profile in the highest position of the LBd toposequence; the gibbsite contents varied 35 % in a sample of the Bw1 horizon and the kaolinite contents 44 % in the Bw2 horizon. Additionally, changes in crystallographic characteristics of the goethite and hematite (mean crystal diameter (MCD) and isomorphic substitution level of Fe by Al) and the kaolinite (MCD) were observed among aggregate size classes of the same horizon, for both soils

Determination of the number of J/ψ events with inclusive J/ψ decays

A measurement of the number of J/ψ events collected with the BESIII detector in 2009 and 2012 is performed using inclusive decays of the J/ψ. The number of J/ψ events taken in 2009 is recalculated to be (223.7 ± 1.4) × 106, which is in good agreement with the previous measurement, but with significantly improved precision due to improvements in the BESIII software. The number of J/ψ events taken in 2012 is determined to be (1086.9 ± 6.0) × 106. In total, the number of J/ψ events collected with the BESIII detector is measured to be (1310.6 ± 7.0) × 106, where the uncertainty is dominated by systematic effects and the statistical uncertainty is negligible

Measurements of the center-of-mass energies at BESIII via the di-muon process

From 2011 to 2014, the BESIII experiment collected about 5 fb-1 data at center-of-mass energies around 4 GeV for the studies of the charmonium-like and higher excited charmonium states. By analyzing the di-muon process e+e- → γISR/FSRμ+μ-, the center-of-mass energies of the data samples are measured with a precision of 0.8 MeV. The center-of-mass energy is found to be stable for most of the time during data taking

Measurement of the absolute branching fraction for Λc+→Λμ+νμ

We report the first measurement of the absolute branching fraction for Λc+→Λμ+νμ. This measurement is based on a sample of e+e− annihilation data produced at a center-of-mass energy s=4.6 GeV, collected with the BESIII detector at the BEPCII storage rings. The sample corresponds to an integrated luminosity of 567 pb−1. The branching fraction is determined to be B(Λc+→Λμ+νμ)=(3.49±0.46(stat)±0.27(syst))%. In addition, we calculate the ratio B(Λc+→Λμ+νμ)/B(Λc+→Λe+νe) to be 0.96±0.16(stat)±0.04(syst)