Optical Ppm Generator By Direct-frequency Shifting

A modulator-less scheme of pulse position modulation (PPM) which converts a digital FM signal applied directly on the laser source to a PPM signal with a natural synchronization pulse is proposed. The laser source is directly modulated at a center frequency of 2.33 GHz. The reflected pulses provide a synchronization signal at the output of the fiber coupler, while the transmitted ones represent time-shifted replicas. The key point of this loop device is that the small variation in the period of the 2.33 GHz carrier when it is frequency-shifted by few kHz is multiplied by the number of pulsed inside the loop, producing a long decay (50-200 ps) between synchronization and replicated pulses.19119

Power Modulation Due To Modulation Instability Effects In Wdm Optical Communication Systems

Modulation instability (MI) effects are analyzed in the context of WDM optical communication systems. We show how the interplay between four-wave mixing and modulation instability results in a modulation of the channel power as a function of the channel spacing as well as the propagated distance. This modulation can cause severe power penalties. © 1998 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.184275278Bergano, N., Davidson, C.R., Vengsarkar, A.M., Nyman, B.M., Evangelides, S.G., Darcie, J.M., Ma, M., Lucero, A.J., 100 Gb/s WDM Transmission of Twenty 5 Gb/s NRZ Data Channels over Transoceanic Distances Using a Gain Flattened Amplifier Chain (1995) Proc. ECOC'95, , paper Th.A.3.1Hansen, P.B., Eskildsen, L., Grub, S.G., Vengsarkar, A.M., Korotky, S.K., Strasser, T.A., Alphonsus, J., Wysocki, P.F., 8 × 10 Gb/s WDM Repeaterless Transmission over 352 km Tech. Dig. IOOC'95, , post-deadline paper, Hong KongTkach, R.W., Chraplyvy, A.R., Forghieri, F., Gnauck, A.H., Derosier, R.M., Four-Photon Mixing and High-Speed WDM Systems (1995) J. Lightwave Technol., 13, p. 841. , MaySaunders, R.A., Patel, B.L., Garthe, D., System Penalty at 10 Gb/s Due to Modulation Instability and Its Reduction Using Dispersion Compensation (1997) IEEE Photon. Technol. Lett., 9, p. 699. , MayHui, R., Chowdhury, D., Newhouse, M., O'Sullivan, M., Poettcker, M., Nonlinear Amplification of Noise in Fibers with Dispersion and Its Impact in Optically Amplified Systems (1997) IEEE Photon. Technol. Lett., 9, p. 392. , MarSaunders, R.A., Garthe, D., Patel, B.L., Lee, W.S., Epworth, R.E., Observation of Parametric Noise Amplification Owing to Modulation Instability in Anomalous Dispersion Regime (1995) Electron. Lett., 31 (13), p. 1088Agrawal, G.P., (1995) Nonlinear Fiber Optics, , Academic Press, New YorkYamamoto, T., Nakazawa, M., Highly Efficient Four-Wave Mixing in an Optical Fiber with Intensity Dependent Phase Matching (1997) IEEE Photon. Technol. Lett., 9, p. 327. , MarGolovchenko, E.A., Pilipetskii, A.N., Unified Analysis of Four-Photon Mixing, Modulational Instability, and Stimulated Raman Scattering under Various Polarization Conditions in Fibers (1994) J. Opt. Soc. Amer. B, 11 (1), p. 92Matera, F., Mecozzi, A., Romagnoli, M., Settembre, M., Sideband Instability Induced by Periodic Power Variation in Long-Distance Fiber Links (1993) Opt. Lett., 18 (18), p. 1499Potasek, M.J., Agrawal, G.P., Self-Amplitude Modulation of Optical Pulses in Nonlinear Dispersive Fibers (1987) Phys. Rev. A, 36 (8), p. 3862Marcuse, D., Chraplyvy, A.R., Tkach, R.W., Effect of Fiber Nonlinearity on Long-Distance Transmission (1991) J. Lightwave Technol., 9, p. 121. , Ja

Simple Four-wave-mixing-based Method For Measuring The Ratio Between The Third- And Fourth-order Dispersion In Optical Fibers

A simple four-wave-mixing (FWM)-based method for measuring the ratio between the third- and the fourth-order dispersion coefficients (β3/β4) in optical fibers is reported. The FWM interaction involves a low power laser and a low power amplified spontaneous emission noise source. The method is applied in several dispersion-shifted and non-zero-dispersion-shifted fibers with lengths varying from 0.03 to 25 km, and we have obtained an error of less than 3% in measuring β3/β4. In highly nonlinear fibers the error has presented a strong dependency with longitudinal variations of the zero-dispersion wavelength (λ0); an error less than 20% could be obtained in most of the tested fibers. Our method also allows for a fast estimation of the distribution of fluctuations of λ0 along the fiber. © 2007 Optical Society of America.24920462054Agrawal, G.P., (2003) Applications of Nonlinear Fiber Optics, , AcademicMarhic, M.E., Park, Y., Yang, F.S., Kazovsky, L.G., Broadband fiber optical parametric amplifiers and wavelength converters with low-ripple Chebyshev gain spectra (1996) Opt. Lett, 21, pp. 1354-1356Chavez Boggio, J.M., Marconi, J.D., Fragnito, H.L., Double-pumped fiber optical parametric amplifier with flat gain over 47-nm bandwidth using a conventional dispersion-shifted fiber (2005) IEEE Photon. Technol. Lett, 17, pp. 1842-1844M. Hirano, T. Nakanishi, T. Okuno, and M. Onishi, Broadband wavelength conversion over 193-nm by HNL-DSF improving higher-order dispersion performance, in Proceedings of European Conference Optical Communication (ECOC) (ECOC, 2005), postdeadline paper Th 4.4.4Biancalana, F., Skryabin, D.V., Vector modulation instabilities in ultra-small core optical fibres (2004) J. Opt. A, Pure Appl. Opt, 6, pp. 301-306Pitois, S., Millot, G., Experimental observation of a new modulation instability spectral window induced by fourth-order dispersion in a normally dispersive single mode optical fiber (2003) Opt. Commun, 226, pp. 415-422Harvey, J.D., Leonhardt, R., Coen, S., Wong, G.K.L., Knight, J.C., Wadsworth, W.J., Russell, P.S.J., Scalar modulation instability in the normal dispersion regime by use of a photonic crystal fiber (2003) Opt. Lett, 28, pp. 2225-2227Marhic, M.E., Wong, K.K.Y., Kazovsky, L.G., Wide-band tuning of the gain spectra of one-pump fiber optical parametric amplifiers (2004) IEEE J. Sel. Top. Quantum Electron, 10, pp. 1133-1141Chen, A.Y.H., Wong, G.K.L., Murdoch, S.G., Leonhardt, R., Harvey, J.D., Knight, J.C., Wadsworth, W.J., Russell, P.S.J., Widely tunable optical parametric generation in a photonic crystal fiber (2005) Opt. Lett, 30, pp. 762-764Wai, P.K.A., Menyuk, C.R., Chen, H.H., Lee, Y.C., Soliton at the zero-dispersion wavelength of a single-mode fiber (1987) Opt. Lett, 12, pp. 628-630Akhmediev, N., Karlsson, M., Cerenkov radiation emitted by solitons (1995) Phys. Rev. A, 51, pp. 2602-2607Reeves, W.H., Skryabin, D.V., Biancalana, F., Knight, J.C., Russell, P.S.J., Omenetto, F.G., Efimov, A., Taylor, A.J., Transformation and control of ultra-short pulses in dispersion-engineered photonic crystal fibres (2003) Nature, 424, pp. 511-515Dudley, J.M., Genty, G., Coen, S., Supercontinuum generation in photonic crystal fibres (2006) Rev. Mod. Phys, 78, pp. 1135-1184Coen, S., Chan, A.H.L., Leonhardt, R., Harvey, J.D., Knight, J.C., Wadsworth, W.J., Russell, P.S.J., Supercontinuum generation by stimulated Raman scattering and parametric four-wave mixing in photonic crystal fibres (2002) J. Opt. Soc. Am. B, 19, pp. 753-764Auguié, B., Mussot, A., Boucon, A., Lantz, E., Sylvestre, T., Ultra low chromatic dispersion measurement of optical fibers with a tunable fiber laser (2006) IEEE Photon. Technol. Lett, 18, pp. 1825-1827Wong, G.K.L., Chen, A., Ha, S., Kruhlak, R., Murdoch, S., Leonhardt, R., Harvey, J., Joly, N., Characterization of chromatic dispersion in photonic crystal fiber using scalar modulation instability (2005) Opt. Express, 13, pp. 8662-8670Inoue, K., Four-wave mixing in an optical fiber in the zero-dispersion wavelength region (1992) J. Lightwave Technol, 10, pp. 1553-1561Eiselt, M., Jopson, R.M., Stolen, R.H., Nondestructive position-resolved measurement of the zero-dispersion wavelength in an optical fiber (1997) J. Lightwave Technol, 15, pp. 135-143Brener, I., Mitra, P.P., Lee, D.D., Thomson, D.J., Philen, D.L., High-resolution zero-dispersion wavelength mapping in single-mode fiber (1998) Opt. Lett, 23, pp. 1520-1522Gonzalez-Herraez, M., Corredera, P., Hernanz, M.L., Mendez, J.A., Enhanced method for the reconstruction of zero-dispersion wavelength maps of optical fibers by measurement of continuous-wave four-wave mixing efficiency (2002) Appl. Opt, 41, pp. 3796-3803Fatome, J., Pitois, S., Millot, G., Measurement of nonlinear and chromatic dispersion parameters of optical fibers using modulation instability (2006) Opt. Fiber Technol, 12, pp. 243-250Chavez Boggio, J.M., Tenenbaum, S., Marconi, J.D., Fragnito, H.L., A novel method for measuring longitudinal variations of the zero dispersion wavelength in optical fibers (2006) European Conference on Optical Communication (ECOC'06), , ECOC, paper Th1.5.2Mazzali, C., Grosz, D.F., Fragnito, H.L., Simple method for measuring dispersion and nonlinear coefficient near the zero-dispersion wavelength of optical fibers (1999) IEEE Photon. Technol. Lett, 11, pp. 251-253Mogilevtsev, D., Birks, T.A., Russell, P.S.J., Group-velocity dispersion in photonic crystal fibres (1998) Opt. Lett, 23, pp. 1662-1664Ferrando, A., Silvestre, E., Miret, J.J., Monsoriu, J.A., Andres, M.V., Russell, P.S.J., Designing a photonic crystal fibre with flattened chromatic dispersion (1999) Electron. Lett, 35, pp. 325-327Knight, J.C., Arriaga, J., Birks, T.A., Ortigosa-Blanch, A., Wadsworth, W.J., Russell, P.S.J., Anomalous dispersion in photonic crystal fibres (2000) IEEE Photon. Technol. Lett, 12, pp. 807-809Reeves, W.H., Knight, J.C., Russell, P.S.J., Roberts, P.J., Demonstration of ultra-flattened dispersion in photonic crystal fibres (2002) Opt. Express, 10, pp. 609-61

7.3 Db Increase Of The Sbs Threshold In An Optical Fiber By Applying A Strain Distribution

We study experimentally and numerically the increase of the SBS-threshold in a 500m-DS fiber by applying two different strain distributions. A stair ramp distribution permits us to experimentally demonstrate a 7.3dB SBS-threshold increase. © 2003 Optical Society of America.95 A3537Korotky, S.K., Hansen, P.B., Eskildsen, L., Vaselka, J.J., Efficient phase modulation scheme for suppressing stimulated brillouin scattering IOOC 95, pp. 110-111Hansryd, J., Andrekson, P.A., Broad-band continuous-wave-pumped fiber optical parametric amplifier with 49 -dB gain and wavelength-conversion efficiency (2001) IEEE Photon. Technol. Lett., 13 (3)Tsujikawa, K., Nakajima, K., Miyajima, Y., Ohashi, M., New SBS suppression fiber with uniform chromatic dispersion to enhance four-wave mixing (1998) IEEE Photon. Technol. Lett., 10 (8)Shiraki, K., Ohashi, M., Tateda, M., SBS threshold of fiber with a brillouin frequency shift distribution (1996) J. Lightwave Technol., 14 (1), pp. 50-56Hansryd, J., Dross, F., Westlund, M., Andrekson, P.A., Knudsen, S.N., Increase of the SBS threshold in a short highly nonlinear fiber by applying a temperature distribution (2001) J. Lightwave Technol., 19 (11), pp. 1691-1697Yoshizawa, N., Imai, T., Stimulated brillouin scattering suppression by means of applying strain distribution to fiber with cabling (1993) J. Lightwave Technol., 11 (10), pp. 1518-1522Horiguchi, T., Kurashima, T., Tateda, M., Tensile strain dependence of brillouin frequency shift in silica optical fibers (1989) IEEE Photon. Technol. Lett., 1 (5

Study On A New Split-step Fourier Algorithm For Optical Fiber Transmission Systems Simulations

Recently we presented a new Split-Step Fourier algorithm to the simulation of optical-fiber transmission systems. To check it, we show here its efficiency to model a two first-order soliton collision, which is a situation of practical interest because of its sensitivity to numerical errors. © 2005 IEEE.100102Rieznik, A.A., Meirelles, T.T., Callegari, F.A., Fragnito, H.L., Uncertainty principle and the optimization of optical-fiber communications systems simulations Optics Express, , to be published inSinkin, O.V., Holzlöhner, R., Zweck, J., Menyuk, C., Optimization of the Split-Step Fourier Method in Modeling Optical-Fiber Communications Systems (2003) IEEE J. of Lightwave Technol, 21, pp. 61-68Agrawal, G.P., (1995) Nonlinear Fiber Optics, , London, U.K. AcademicMerzbacher, E., (1970) Quantum Mechanics, , Wiley, New Yor

Analysis Of Crosstalk Between 10 Gb/s X 64 Channels In Two-pump Fiber Optical Parametric Amplifier

We present a numerical study of 64 signals amplified by a two-pump fiber optical parametric amplifier. The amplifier was alternatively simulated with two fibers with different values of nonlinear coefficient but the same length. The gain remained constant in both cases. The performance of the amplifier is improved when it is designed with the fiber of lower nonlinear coefficient. Also, it was observed that the performance of the amplifier is strongly dependent on channel separation. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.554926929Chavez Boggio, J.M., Marconi, J.D., Bickham, S.R., Fragnito, H.L., Spectrally flat and broadband double-pumped fiber optical parametric amplifiers (2007) Opt Express, 15, pp. 5288-5309Berthold, J., Saleh, A.A.M., Blair, L., Simmons, J.M., Optical networking: Past, present, and future (2008) J Lightwave Technol, 26, pp. 1104-1118Shastri, B.J., Plant, D.V., Scaling technologies for terabist fiber optic transmission systems (2011) Proceedings SPIE, 7942Callegari, F.A., Chavez Boggio, J.M., Fragnito, H.L., Spurious four-wave mixing in two-pump fiber-optic parametric amplifiers (2004) IEEE Photon Technol Lett, 16, pp. 434-436Callegari, F.A., Chavez Boggio, J.M., Marconi, J.D., Guimaraes, A., Fragnito, H.L., Experimental study on crosstalk in double-pumped fiber optic parametric amplifier (2005) Optical Fiber Communication Conference, OFC 2005, Technical Digest, , Anaheim, CA. OFC/NFOEC, 3Jamshidifar, M., Vedadi, A., Marhic, M.E., Reduction of four-wave-mixing crosstalk in a short fiber-optical parametric amplifier (2009) IEEE Photon Technol Lett, 21, pp. 1244-1246Agrawal, G.P., (2001) Nonlinear Fiber Optics, , Academic PressMussot, A., Lantz, E., Durécu-Legrand, A., Simonneau, C., Bayart, D., Maillotte, H., Sylvestre, T., Simple method for crosstalk reduction in fiber optical parametric amplifiers (2007) Opt Commun, 275, pp. 448-452Marcuse, D., Derivation of analytical expressions for the bit-error probability in lightwave systems with optical amplifiers (1990) J Lightwave Technol, 8, pp. 1816-1823Marcuse, D., Calculation of bit-error probability for a lightwave system with optical amplifiers and post-detection Gaussian noise (1991) J Lightwave Technol, 9, pp. 505-513Boggio, J.M.C., Guimaraes, A., Callegari, F.A., Marconi, J.D., Fragnito, H.L., Q penalties due to pump phase modulation and pump RIN in fiber optic parametric amplifiers with non-uniform dispersion (2005) Opt Commun, 249, pp. 451-472Ho, M.-Ch., Marhic, M.E., Wong, K.Y.K., Kazovsky, L.G., Narrow-Linewidth idler generation in fiber four-wave mixing and parametric amplification by dithering two pumps in opposition of phase (2002) J Lightwave Technol, 20, pp. 469-476Pei-Fang, H., Blows, J.L., Four-wave mixing crosstalk in optical fibre parametric amplifiers with orthogonal pumps (2005) Opt Commun, 250, pp. 421-427Chavez Boggio, J.M., Callegari, F.A., Marconi, J.D., Guimaraes, A., Fragnito, H.L., Influence of zero dispersion wavelength variations on cross-talk in single-pumped fiber optic parametric amplifiers (2004) Opt Commun, 242, pp. 471-478Wong, K.K.Y., Lu, G.-W., Chen, L.-K., Experimental studies of the WDM signal crosstalk in two-pump fiber optical parametric amplifiers (2007) Opt Commun, 270, pp. 429-43

Erratum: Analysis Of Crosstalk Between 10 Gb/s × 64 Channels In Two-pump Fiber Optical Parametric Amplifier (microwave And Optical Technology Letters (2013) 55 (926-929))

[No abstract available]557170

Polarization Modulation Study Of Gain Anisotropy In Erbium-doped Fiber Amplifiers

A sensitive polarization switching method was developed for polarization dependent gain (PDG) characterizations. In a straight, 3 m long erbium-doped fiber (EDF), a transient PDG was observed which is due to polarization hole burning (PHB) alone (no Polarization Dependence Loss-PDL). A steady state PDG of 0.02 dB was mainly accounted for by the gain difference for signal laser polarized parallel or orthogonal to the polarization of the pump.30

Parametric Noise Amplification Near The Zero-dispersion Wavelength Of Optical Fibers

Four-wave mixing between signals around the zero dispersion wavelength and erbium doped fiber amplifier noise was studied. It was found that when the two signals are placed symmetrically with respect to the zero dispersion wavelength, strong parametric amplification of the amplifier noise occurs. A bandwidth on the order of 1 nm was observed.223023

64×10 Gb/s Dwdm System Using A Two-pump Fiber Optical Parametric Pre-amplifier

The performance of a 2P-FOPA as a preamplifier in a 64-channel dense wavelength division multiplexing (DWDM) transmission system was studied. Sensitivities comparable with typical erbium amplifiers, low ripple, and no transient response when operated in the unsaturated regime were observed.2498499Marhic, M.E., Broadband fiber-optical parametric amplifiers and wavelength converters with low-ripple Chebyshev gain spectra (1996) Opt. Lett., 21, pp. 1354-1356Hansryd, J., Andrekson, P., Broadband CW pumped fiber optical parametric amplifier with 49 dB gain and wavelength conversion efficiency PD3, Optical Fiber Communications Conference, Baltimore, USA, 2000Chávez Boggio, J.M., Demonstration of 26 dB on-off gain in two-pump fiber optical parametric amplifier ThGG18, Optical Fiber Communications Conference, Anaheim, USA, 200