Production of Coturnix quail immunoglobulins Y (IgYs) against Vibrio parahaemolyticus and Vibrio vulnificus

This research article published by Springer Nature Switzerland AG., 2011Production of chicken immunoglobulins Y (IgYs) and their applications in prophylactic, therapeutic, detection of microbial contaminants and as a diagnostic tool has been widely studied with limited information from other avians. This study produced Coturnix quail (Coturnix coturnix japonica) egg yolk IgYs against Vibrio parahaemolyticus and Vibrio vulnificus. Formalin inactivated (FIVP, FIVV, mixed FI-VP/VV) and heat inactivated (HIVP, HIVV, mixed HI-VP/VV) Vibrio immunogens (109 CFU/mL) were intramuscularly immunized into quail through thigh muscles. Egg yolk IgY was purified by water dilution-ammonium sulfate precipitation method and the activity was determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Formalin inactivated immunogens induced high humoral immune response for both V. parahaemolyticus and V. vulnificus over heat inactivated immunogens. However, IgYs resulted from HIVP and FIVV immunogens, showed high specificity to V. parahaemolyticus and V. vulnificus respectively. Detection limits of the indirect ELISA using the produced IgYs were 105 CFU/mL for V. parahaemolyticus and 106 CFU/mL for V. vulnificus. The developed antibodies showed high binding affinity to their corresponding immunogens, very little cross reactivity to Staphylococcus aureus and not other bacteria strains (p<0.05), a phenomenon which was also observed in Western blot

Dietary polyunsaturated fatty acids significantly affect laying hen lymphocyte proliferation and immunoglobulin G concentration in serum and egg yolk

Forty eight (48) Single Comb White Leghorn laying hens 24\u2002wk of age were housed in cages and were fed wheat-soybean meal based diets with added oils [sunflower oil (SO), animal oil (AO), linseed oil (LO), or fish oil (FO)] at 5%. After 5\u2002wk on experimental diets, spleen lymphocytes and peripheral blood lymphocytes were obtained from six birds and assayed for polyclonal mitogen Con A-induced proliferative response and the proportions of lymphocyte subsets. The IgG concentration in serum and egg yolk was also measured. Feeding LO and FO resulted in an increase in longer-chain n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) (C20:5n-3, C22:5n-3, and C22:6n-3) with a concurrent decrease of C20: 4n-6 in spleen lymphocytes (P\u2002<\u20020.05). The highest enrichments of the longer-chain n-3 PUFA were achieved by feeding FO. The content of C20: 4n-6 was higher (P\u2002<\u20020.05) in the lymphocytes of hens fed AO and SO. Subsequently, Con A-stimulated proliferation of spleen and peripheral blood lymphocytes were significantly suppressed (P\u2002<\u20020.05) in the chicks fed high n-3 PUFA diets (LO and FO). The LO diet increased (P\u2002<\u20020.05) the IgG concentration in laying hen serum. The SO diet reduced (P\u2002<\u20020.05) IgY content in egg yolk. Dietary fatty acids did not affect (P\u2002>\u20020.05) the proportions of lymphocyte subsets in spleen and blood lymphocytes. It is indicated that the ratio of n-6 to n3 PUFA plays a major role in modulating cell-mediated and humoral immune responses of laying hens, and various n-3 fatty acids possess different potencies of immunomodulation. Key words: Laying hens, n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids, lymphocyte proliferation, immunoglobulin G, immunoglobulin YPeer reviewed: YesNRC publication: N