Synthesis and characterization of (Pani/n-si)solar cell

AbstractPolyaniline(PAni) doped with formic acid was synthesis by chemical polymerization method using ammonium persulphate as oxidizing agent. Polyaniline /n-silicon hetrojunction have been fabricated by spin coating of polyaniline onto n-type silicon substrates. I-V characteristic of these junction diode show rectifying behavior with rectifying ratio of about 100. The I-V characteristics of PAni/n-Si junction were measured at room temperature (303K) and after annulling at 363K. They are found to exhibit quality factors of 1.83 and 1.32, saturation current of 5x10-6A and 5x10-4A, and barrier heights of 0.73eV and 0.61eV respectively. The photovoltaic properties of this hybrid solar cell were studied in the dark and under illumination investigated hybrid and was found to deliver short circuit current density Jsc =45μA/cm2, open circuit voltage Voc = 400mV, and solar cell efficiency η =0.3% under AM 1.5 simulated solar light with the intensity of 100mW/cm2

Effect of Biofertilization with Different Levels of Nitrogen and Phosphorus on Wheat and Associated Weeds under Weed Control Treatments

Two field trials were conducted at the Agricultural Experimental Station of National Research Centre, Egypt, to study the influence of dual biofertilization (phosphate dissolving bacteria and Azospirillum spp.) with different levels of nitrogen (50, 75 and 100%) and phosphorus (25, 50 and 100%) of recommended rates under weed control treatments (hand weeding, isoproturon, bifenox and tribenuron-methyl herbicides) on yield components of wheat plants and associated weeds. The highest N and P contents in wheat grains were found in plants treated by biofertilization with 75% N and 50% P of recommended rates under weed-free by bifenox herbicide application. The data showed a positive relationship between the weed weights and the rates of N and P elements. On the other hand, biofertilization had no effect on weed weights under different treatments. The application of biofertilization increased grain yield by 6.49% over the non-biofertilized treatments. Generally, no significant differences were observed in grain yield between nitrogen & phosphorus of recommended rates and with either 100% N + 50% P or 75% N + 100% P under biofertilization with isoproturon herbicide application