2,607 research outputs found
Determination of the Kobayashi-Maskawa-Cabibbo matrix element V_{us} under various flavor-symmetry-breaking models in hyperon semileptonic decays
We study the success to describe hyperon semileptonic decays of four models
that incorporate second-order SU(3) symmetry breaking corrections. The criteria
to assess their success is by determining V_{us} in each of the three relevant
hyperon semileptonic decays and comparing the values obtained with one another
and also with the one that comes from K_{l3} decays. A strong dependence on the
particular symmetry breaking model is observed. Values of V_{us} which do not
agree with the one of K_{l3} are generally obtained. However, in the context of
chiral perturbation theory, only the model whose corrections are O(m_s) and
O(m_s^{3/2}) is successful. Using its predictions for the f_1 form factors one
can quote a value of V_{us} from this model, namely, V_{us}=0.2176\pm 0.0026,
which is in excellent agreement with the K_{l3} one.Comment: Final versio
Increased plasma viscosity as a reason for inappropriate erythropoietin formation
The aim of this study was to examine whether altered plasma viscosity could contribute to the inappropriately low production rate of erythropoietin (EPO) observed in patients suffering from hypergammaglobulinemias associated with multiple myeloma or Waldenström's disease. We found that the EPO formation in response to anemia in these patients was inversely related to plasma viscosity. A similar inverse relationship between plasma viscosity and EPO production was seen in rats in which EPO formation had been stimulated by exchange transfusion and the plasma viscosity of which was thereby altered by using exchange solutions of different composition to alter plasma viscosity and thus whole blood viscosity independently from hematocrit. Raising the gammaglobulin concentration to approximately 40 mg/ml plasma in the rats almost totally blunted the rise in serum EPO levels despite a fall of the hematocrit to 20%. Determination of renal EPO mRNA levels by RNase protection revealed that the reductions in serum EPO levels at higher plasma viscosities were paralleled by reductions in renal EPO mRNA levels. Taken together, our findings suggest that plasma viscosity may be a significant inhibitory modulator of anemia-induced EPO formation. The increased plasma viscosity in patients with hypergammaglobulinemias may therefore contribute to the inappropriate EPO production, which is a major reason for the anemia developing in these patients
âEthnic groupâ, the state and the politics of representation
The assertion, even if only by implication, that âethnic groupâ categories represent ârealâ tangible entities, indeed identities, is commonplace not only in the realms of political and policy discourse but also amongst contemporary social scientists. This paper, following Brubaker (2002), questions this position in a number of key respects: of these three issues will dominate the discussion that follows.
First, there is an interrogation of the proposition that those to whom the categories/labels refer constitute sociologically meaningful âgroupsâ as distinct from (mere) human collectivities. Secondly, there is the question of how these categories emerge, i.e. exactly what series of events, negotiations and contestations lie behind their construction and social acceptance. Thirdly, and as a corollary to the latter point, we explore the process of reification that leads to these categories being seen to represent âreal things in the worldâ (ibid.)
The double torus as a 2D cosmos: groups, geometry and closed geodesics
The double torus provides a relativistic model for a closed 2D cosmos with
topology of genus 2 and constant negative curvature. Its unfolding into an
octagon extends to an octagonal tessellation of its universal covering, the
hyperbolic space H^2. The tessellation is analysed with tools from hyperbolic
crystallography. Actions on H^2 of groups/subgroups are identified for SU(1,
1), for a hyperbolic Coxeter group acting also on SU(1, 1), and for the
homotopy group \Phi_2 whose extension is normal in the Coxeter group. Closed
geodesics arise from links on H^2 between octagon centres. The direction and
length of the shortest closed geodesics is computed.Comment: Latex, 27 pages, 5 figures (late submission to arxiv.org
Protocol for a systematic review of preference-based instruments for measuring care-related outcomes and their suitability for the palliative care setting
Published by the BMJ Publishing Group Limited. For permission to use (where not already granted under a licence) please go to http://www.bmj.com/company/products-services/rights-and-licensing/ INTRODUCTION: Despite informal caregivers' integral role in supporting people affected by disease or disability, economic evaluations often ignore the costs and benefits experienced by this group, especially in the palliative setting. The purpose of this systematic review is to identify preference-based instruments for measuring care-related outcomes and provide guidance on the selection of instrument in palliative care economic evaluations.METHODS AND ANALYSIS: A comprehensive search of the literature will be conducted from database inception (ASSIA; CINAHL; Cochrane library including DARE, NHS EED, HTA; Econlit; Embase; PsychINFO; PubMed). Published peer-reviewed, English-language articles reporting preference-based instruments for measuring care-related outcomes in any clinical area will be included. One researcher will complete the searches and screen the results for potentially eligible studies. A randomly selected subset of 10% citations will be independently screened by two researchers. Any disagreement will be resolved by consensus among the research team. Subsequently, a supplementary search will identify studies detailing the development, valuation, validation and application of the identified instruments. The degree of suitability of the instruments for palliative economic evaluations will be assessed using criteria in the International Society for Quality of Life Research minimum standards for patient-reported outcome measures, the checklist for reporting valuation studies of multiattribute utility-based instruments and information on the development of the instrument in the palliative setting. A narrative summary of the included studies and instruments will be provided; similarities and differences will be described and possible reasons for variations explored. Recommendations for practice on selection of instruments in palliative care economic analyses will be provided.ETHICS AND DISSEMINATION: This is a planned systematic review of published literature. Therefore, ethics approval to conduct this research is not required. Findings will be presented at leading palliative care and health economic conferences and published in a peer-reviewed journal.TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER: CRD42016034188
Spherical structures on torus knots and links
The present paper considers two infinite families of cone-manifolds endowed
with spherical metric. The singular strata is either the torus knot or the torus link . Domains of existence for a
spherical metric are found in terms of cone angles and volume formul{\ae} are
presented.Comment: 17 pages, 5 figures; typo
Using a discrete choice experiment involving cost to value a classification system measuring the quality of life impact of self-management for diabetes
Objective: This paper describes the use of a novel approach in health valuation of a discrete choice
experiment (DCE) including a cost attribute to value a recently developed classification system for
measuring the quality of life impact (both health and treatment experience) of self-management for
diabetes.
Methods: A large online survey was conducted using DCE with cost on UK respondents from the
general population (n=1,497) and individuals with diabetes (n=405). The data was modelled using a
conditional logit model with robust standard errors. The marginal rate of substitution (MRS) was used
to generate willingness to pay estimates for every state defined by the classification system.
Robustness of results was assessed by including interaction effects for household income.
Results: There were some logical inconsistencies and insignificant coefficients for the milder levels of
some attributes. There were some differences in the rank ordering of different attributes for the
general population and diabetes patients. The willingness to pay to avoid the most severe state was
ÂŁ1,118.53 per month for the general population and ÂŁ2,356.02 per month for the diabetes patient
population. The results were largely robust.
Conclusion: Health and self-management can be valued in a single classification system using DCE
with cost. The MRS for key attributes can be used to inform cost-benefit analysis of self-management
interventions in diabetes using results from clinical studies where this new classification system has
been applied. The method shows promise, but found large willingness to pay estimates exceeding
the cost levels used in the survey
- âŠ