21 research outputs found
Recommended from our members
ELECTRONIC PROCESSES IN LIQUID XENON
Several basic errors appeared in an article recently published by Prunier et al. entitled, 'Some Properties of Xenon Liquid-Filled Nuclear Detectors'. The article describes an experiment to measure electronic phenomena in liquid xenon using single wire cylindrical chambers. The author here describes some errors made in their interpretation of their experimental observations
Recommended from our members
LIQUID XENON MULTIWIRE PROPORTIONAL CHAMBERS FOR NUCLEAR MEDICINEAPPLICATIONS
The need for improved spatial resolution in nuclear medicine has long been recognized. Notable attempts to achieve this goal are the gas-filled wire chambers and solid-state detectors. (1) However, at energies above 100 keV, gas-filled chambers suffer from poor detection efficiency and a long recoil electron range in the gas. While it is advantageous to pressurize these chambers to 10 or more atmospheres, structural design of the thin window presents a formidable task. High-resolution optimal collimators do not appear to have sufficient strength to be used as a pressure support window. Solid-state detectors, while having the potential of a gamma camera with a superb energy resolution, are presently studied on a very small scale due to technological and cost limitations. Aside from the detector, the parallel-hole collimator presents a real limit to the resolution of the camera. A factor of two improvement in the resolution results in a factor of four loss in the collimator's transmission. A careful analysis of optimal collimators and the application of collimators designed for a specific depth range and resoluation are part of our overall program. Our goal has been the development of a liquid-xenon multiwire gamma camera with 2- to 3-mm spatial resolution, high counting-rate performance, high sensitivity, and the potential for scaling-up in size. Important ingredients for successful imaging in the prototype chamber discussed in this paper were the discovery of electron multiplication in liquid xenon, (2) the development of reliable purification techniques, (3) and the ability to extract electrons from the liquid into the gaseous phase. This paper is specifically addressed to the subject of detector development with liquid-xenon totally-filled chambers and recent work with dual-phase chambers in which the {gamma} rays are converted in the liquid phase and are electronically detected in the gaseous phase
Recommended from our members
HIGH-RESOLUTION LIQUID-FILLED MULTI-WIRE CHAMBERS FOR USE INHIGH-ENERGY BEAMS
The authors describe experiments with liquid-xenon-filled wire chambers operating in the proportional mode and the difficulty of achieving useful gain when the anode wires have a spacing < 1 mm. As a result, they have largely turned our attention to chambers with closely spaced wires operated in the ionization mode. They have previously demonstrated a spatial resolution of 15 {micro} rms in this mode, using a 5-wire chamber and a collimated alpha source. They describe the construction of two small high-resolution test chambers to be filled with liquid argon, krypton, or xenon. The chambers consist of two flat cathodes 1 to 2.5 mm apart with a wire plane between them. The wire plane is an array of 24 wires, 5 {micro} in diameter, spaced on 20-{micro} centers, and a charge amplifier is attached to each wire. The space resolution (expected rms < 20 {micro}), time resolution (expected rms < 50 ns), and efficiency will be measured in an accelerator beam. Chambers of this type with only a few hundred wires have sufficient area to cover nearly every beam at NAL
Recommended from our members
LIQUID XENON FILLED WIRE CHAMBERS FOR MEDICAL IMAGINGAPPLICATIONS
In 1968, Luis Alvarez suggested that a high-resolution multiwire particle detector could be developed using a thin layer of liquified noble gas as the detection medium. After key problems in chamber construction, purification, and readout had been solved, a spatial resolution of 15 {micro} rms was demonstrated. Work is in progress to build high-resolution chambers and measure their properties for particle physics experiments at high-energy accelerators. The liquid xenon multiwire chamber also has potential in nuclear medicine for imaging isotope distributions with an unprecedented combination of gamma-ray detection efficiency and spatial resolution. A preliminary 24-wire chamber has been constructed; this chamber detects 280-keV gamma rays with 65% efficiency and 4-mm FWHM spatial resolution. Initial images of point and distributed sources are very promising, and the liquid purity can be maintained for periods exceeding several days
Recommended from our members
LIQUID XENON MULTIWIRE PROPORTIONAL CHAMBERS FOR NUCLEAR MEDICINE APPLICATIONS
Recommended from our members