5,409 research outputs found
Intelectin contributes to allergen-induced IL-25, IL-33, and TSLP expression and type 2 response in asthma and atopic dermatitis.
The epithelial and epidermal innate cytokines IL-25, IL-33, and thymic stromal lymphopoietin (TSLP) have pivotal roles in the initiation of allergic inflammation in asthma and atopic dermatitis (AD). However, the mechanism by which the expression of these innate cytokines is regulated remains unclear. Intelectin (ITLN) is expressed in airway epithelial cells and promotes allergic airway inflammation. We hypothesized that ITLN is required for allergen-induced IL-25, IL-33, and TSLP expression. In two asthma models, Itln knockdown reduced allergen-induced increases in Il-25, Il-33, and Tslp and development of type 2 response, eosinophilic inflammation, mucus overproduction, and airway hyperresponsiveness. Itln knockdown also inhibited house dust mite (HDM)-induced early upregulation of Il-25, Il-33, and Tslp in a model solely inducing airway sensitization. Using human airway epithelial cells, we demonstrated that HDM-induced increases in ITLN led to phosphorylation of epidermal growth factor receptor and extracellular-signal regulated kinase, which were required for induction of IL-25, IL-33, and TSLP expression. In two AD models, Itln knockdown suppressed expression of Il-33, Tslp, and Th2 cytokines and eosinophilic inflammation. In humans, ITLN1 expression was significantly increased in asthmatic airways and in lesional skin of AD. We conclude that ITLN contributes to allergen-induced Il-25, Il-33, and Tslp expression in asthma and AD
Localized magnetic states in biased bilayer and trilayer graphene
We study the localized magnetic states of impurity in biased bilayer and
trilayer graphene. It is found that the magnetic boundary for bilayer and
trilayer graphene presents the mixing features of Dirac and conventional
fermion. For zero gate bias, as the impurity energy approaches the Dirac point,
the impurity magnetization region diminishes for bilayer and trilayer graphene.
When a gate bias is applied, the dependence of impurity magnetic states on the
impurity energy exhibits a different behavior for bilayer and trilayer graphene
due to the opening of a gap between the valence and the conduction band in the
bilayer graphene with the gate bias applied. The magnetic moment and the
corresponding magnetic transition of the impurity in bilayer graphene are also
investigated.Comment: 16 pages,6 figure
The separability of tripartite Gaussian state with amplification and amplitude damping
Tripartite three mode Gaussian state undergoes parametric amplification and
amplitude damping as well as thermal noise is studied. In the case of a state
totally symmetrically interacting with the environment, the time dependent
correlation matrix of the state in evolution is given. The conditions for fully
separability and fully entanglement of the final tripartite three mode Gaussian
state are worked out.Comment: 9 pages, 3 figure
X-ray Observation and Analysis of The Composite Supernova Remnant G327.1-1.1
Based on the data from the observation of the SNR G327.1-1.1 by ASCA and
ROSAT, we find that G327.1-1.1 is a composite remnant with both a nonthermal
emission component and a diffuse thermal emission component. The nonthermal
component is well fitted by a power-law model with photon index about 2.2. This
component is attributed to the emission from the synchrotron nebula powered by
an undiscovered central pulsar. The thermal component has a temperature of
about 0.4 keV. We attribute it to the emission from the shock-heat swept-up
ISM. Its age, explosion energy and density of ambient medium are derived from
the observed thermal component. Some charactistics about the synchrotron nebula
are also derived. We search for the pulsed signal, but has not found it. The
soft X-ray(0.4 - 2 keV) and hard X-ray(2 - 10 keV) images are different, but
they both elongate in the SE-NW direction. And this X-ray SE-NW elongation is
in positional coincidence with the radio ridge in MOST 843MHz radio map. We
present a possibility that the X-ray nonthermal emission mainly come from the
trail produced by a quickly moving undiscoverd pulsar, and the long radio ridge
is formed when the pulsar is moving out of the boundary of the plerionic
structure.Comment: 20 pages, 4 Postscript figures, aasms4.sty and psfig.sty, to be
published in Astrophysical Journal, January 20, 1999, Vol. 51
Experimental Decoy Quantum Key Distribution Up To 130KM Fiber
Decoy State Quantum Key Distribution (QKD), being capable of beating PNS
attack and uncon- ditionally secure, have become an attractive one recently.
But, in many QKD systems, disturbances of transmission channel make quantum bit
error rate (QBER) increase which limits both security distance and key bit rate
of real-life decoy state QKD systems. We demonstrate the two-intensity decoy
QKD with one-way Faraday-Michelson phase modulation system, which is free of
channel dis- turbance and keeps interference fringe visibility (99%) long
period, near 130KM single mode optical fiber in telecom (1550 nm) wavelength.
This is longest distance fiber decoy state QKD system based on two intensity
protocol.Comment: 4 pages, 2figure
Electromagnetic Pulse Driven Spin-dependent Currents in Semiconductor Quantum Rings
We investigate the non-equilibrium charge and spin-dependent currents in a
quantum ring with a Rashba spin orbit interaction (SOI) driven by two
asymmetric picosecond electromagnetic pulses. The equilibrium persistent charge
and persistent spin-dependent currents are investigated as well. It is shown
that the dynamical charge and the dynamical spin-dependent currents vary
smoothly with a static external magnetic flux and the SOI provides a SU(2)
effective flux that changes the phases of the dynamic charge and the dynamic
spin-dependent currents. The period of the oscillation of the total charge
current with the delay time between the pulses is larger in a quantum ring with
a larger radius. The parameters of the pulse fields control to a certain extent
the total charge and the total spin-dependent currents. The calculations are
applicable to nano-meter rings fabricated in heterojuctions of III-V and II-VI
semiconductors containing several hundreds electrons.Comment: 15pages, 5 figure
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