The possibility production of food pellets for common carp (Cyprinus carpio) in the rearing stage with emphasis on attractiveness and strength

This study was to investigate the possibility of pellet production for grow out common carp considering attractiveness and stability of the pellets. The experiment consisted of two periods and was conducted at the Caspian Sea ecology research center in 2011 and 2012. In period one, two types of pellet with similar protein level (31%) and different energy contents (3000 and 3500 cal/g) were formulated by the ingredients used in fish feed industry. In period two, 316 juvenile carp with initial weight of 27.9g were assigned randomly to 9 fiberglass tanks (4×4×1 m), with three replicates for each treatment. The fish were fed by three diets throughout the eight weeks study, two diets were formulated in the current study and third one was a commercial carp diet with 25% protein. The results showed that feeding with diet containing 31% protein and 3500 cal/g energy led to a feed conversion ratio of 3, but this value was recorded 1.9 for commercial diet. The type of diets was also influenced (P<0.05) average final weight of the fish. Fish fed diet containing 31% protein and 3500 cal/g energy showed largest weight gain and this value was significantly different from the other treatments. Pellet stability test showed that commercial pellet water stability was 3 min, but this value for the two formulated pellet were 12 min. There was a highly significant difference for water stability between the commercial pellet and the formulated pellet. The result suggests that the formulated pellet in the current study can be easily replaced by commercial pellet

Rearing of common carp (Cyprinus carpio) in fiber glass tanks with pellet feeding

The intensive culture of common carp (Cyprinus carpio) evaluated in fibreglass tanks (2*2m) with feeding on pellet during 8 weeks. The fish (n=201)of common carp selected from three treatments along with three replicates as the average of fish weight was less than 100(g )which divided into 0.05).The common pellet food was chosen for feeding from market as fish were fed by the mean of 4% of their body weight a day. The result indicated that the mean of particular growth ratio at first treatment (0.54) has higher than second treatment (0.34) but in comparison with third treatment (0.46), there was no statistically significant difference (P<0.05).Also, the conversion ratio at first treatment (5.28) and third treatment (6.09) was lower than second treatment (35.66) and third treatment (20.91) was lower than second treatment (24.24), (P<0.05). This study showed that monoculture in small scale is feasible by utilizing artificial diet, if the water quality is exposed to change. In this survey, the conversion ratio of the fish was relatively high whereas the growth rate was low

The study of abundance and dynamic zooplankton in the Southern of Caspian Sea

The Caspian Sea is the largest lake, both by its area and volume. Zooplankton are very important in the food web since many animals eat them. The Sampling was done in 4 transacts in Anzali, Tonekaboun, Noushahr and Amirabad at 3 different depths including 5, 10 and 20 m. Sampling was carried out in four seasons of spring, summer, autumn and winter in 2013. The annual changes of zooplankton was between 392±113 ind./ m^3 in autumn (Amirabad) to 8065±11735 ind./m^3 in winter (Amirabad). The lowest density of zooplankton in the spring was 2207 ind./ m^3 in Anzali. The density of zooplankton in Tonekabon and Amirabad was 2.0 and 2.8 fold more than other transects respectively. The results showed that the abundance of zooplankton in summer was between 1964±470 ind./m^3 (Amirabad) to 5706±6088 ind./m^3 (Tonekabon). The biomass was 30.02, 52.22, 22.98 and 18.31 in Anzali, Tonekabon, noshahr and Amirabad respectively. The abundance of zooplankton in the autumn reached the lowest value. The lowest value was 392 ±113 ind./m^3 and 3.71±0.19 mg/m^3 (Amirabad) and highest value was 2280 ±1435 ind./ m3 and 20.23±14.50 5mg/m^3 (Anzali). The highest density was observed in Amirabad (8065 ind./m^3) and Anzali (8061 ind./m^3) in winter. The aim of this study was diversity, distribution, density and biomass of zooplankton in the southern of Caspian Sea

Risk Factors for Hepatitis B virus Surface Antigen Positive Prevalence in the Most Migratory Province of Iran: A Matched Case- Control Study

Background and Objective: Hepatitis B Virus Infection is one of the most common infectious diseases and also among the world's top ten causes of this group diseases-related mortality, so that 500,000 to 1.2 million annually die due to the consequences of this infection such as chronic hepatitis, cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma. This study was conducted to determine risk factors for HBsAg-positive prevalence in Alborz Province. Materials and Methods: A 1:1 matched case-control study, 213 of cases reported HBsAg positive to the Alborz University of Medical Sciences in 2013 as case group with 213 of family members of patients with hepatitis C who have serologic markers Anti- HCV negative and HBsAg negative as the control group, were compared in terms of demographic characteristics, History of high risk behaviors, Iatrogenic exposures, community exposures and history of liver disease. Statistical analysis using logistic regression was performed by SPSS software version 18. Results: Reported cases with a mean age of 37.6&plusmn;15.5 years, was more relevant to marginalized, immigrants and male gender. Nationality, being married, low level of education, family history of HBsAg positive, history of non-intravenous drug abuse, alcohol consumption, history of prison, employment in high risk occupations, sharing of razor, injuries with contaminated sharp instruments and history of jaundice in mother were found to be independent risk factors for HBsAg positive prevalence (OR: 0.27, 3.61, 1.68, 18.04, 12.21, 2.9, 7.52, 2.47, 5.55, 21.48, 11.3, respectively). Conclusions: Unfavorable situation of the marginalized and the prisoners, imported illegal immigrants, especially Afghans can be extended to high-risk behaviors and the threat of a disease surveillance system. Screening and vaccination aforementioned groups, health promotion of the marginalized and raise public knowledge is necessary

Comparison of outcomes and complications in conventional versus ultrasound-accelerated catheter directed thrombolysis for treatment of pulmonary embolism: A systematic review and meta-analysis

Background: Acute submassive a massive pulmonary embolism are known as leading causes of cardiovascular morbidity and mortality in emergency departments. Choosing the optimal type of catheter directed thrombolysis (CDT) for treatment of pulmonary embolism presents a quandary to the practitioners. To the best of our knowledge, there is no meta-analysis comparing superiority of conventional CDT and ultrasound-accelerated catheter directed thrombolysis (USACDT). Therefore, in this meta-analysis, we aimed to compare conventional CDT with USACDT regarding clinical outcomes and safety profile. Methods: A systematic literature search of previous published studies comparing conventional CDT with USACDT regarding clinical outcomes and safety profile was carried out in the electronic databases including MEDLINE, Scopus, EBSCO, Google Scholar, Web of Science, and Cochrane from inception to December 2021. Data were analyzed by comprehensive meta-analysis software (CMA, version 3). Results: The meta-analysis included nine studies with a total of 705 patients. Our meta-analysis showed that there is no significant difference between two groups with respect to pulmonary arterial systolic pressure (SMD: �0.084; 95 CI: �0.287 to 0.12; p: 0.41), RV/LV (SMD: �0.003; 95 CI: �0.277 to 0.270; p: 0.98), and Miller score (SMD: �0.345; 95 CI: �1.376 to 0.686; p: 0.51). Similarly, we found no statistically significant differences between two groups regarding major and minor bleeding (p >.05). Conclusion: Our meta-analysis showed that when compared with USACDT, conventional CDT provides similar clinical and hemodynamic outcomes or safety for treatment of pulmonary embolism without the need for very expensive technologies. However, randomized clinical trials are required to further investigate cost-effectiveness of USACDT in comparison with conventional CDT. © The Author(s) 2022