The European Reference Genome Atlas: piloting a decentralised approach to equitable biodiversity genomics.

ABSTRACT: A global genome database of all of Earth’s species diversity could be a treasure trove of scientific discoveries. However, regardless of the major advances in genome sequencing technologies, only a tiny fraction of species have genomic information available. To contribute to a more complete planetary genomic database, scientists and institutions across the world have united under the Earth BioGenome Project (EBP), which plans to sequence and assemble high-quality reference genomes for all ∼1.5 million recognized eukaryotic species through a stepwise phased approach. As the initiative transitions into Phase II, where 150,000 species are to be sequenced in just four years, worldwide participation in the project will be fundamental to success. As the European node of the EBP, the European Reference Genome Atlas (ERGA) seeks to implement a new decentralised, accessible, equitable and inclusive model for producing high-quality reference genomes, which will inform EBP as it scales. To embark on this mission, ERGA launched a Pilot Project to establish a network across Europe to develop and test the first infrastructure of its kind for the coordinated and distributed reference genome production on 98 European eukaryotic species from sample providers across 33 European countries. Here we outline the process and challenges faced during the development of a pilot infrastructure for the production of reference genome resources, and explore the effectiveness of this approach in terms of high-quality reference genome production, considering also equity and inclusion. The outcomes and lessons learned during this pilot provide a solid foundation for ERGA while offering key learnings to other transnational and national genomic resource projects.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Cholinesterases: Structure, Role, and Inhibition

Acetilkolinesteraza (AChE; E.C. 3.1.1.7) i butirilkolinesteraza (BChE; E.C. 3.1.1.8) enzimi su koji se zbog svoje uloge u organizmu intenzivno istražuju unutar područja biomedicine i toksikologije. Iako strukturno homologni, ovi enzimi razlikuju se prema katalitičkoj aktivnosti, odnosno specifi čnosti prema supstratima koje mogu hidrolizirati te selektivnosti za vezanje mnogih liganada. U ovom radu dan je pregled dosadašnjih istraživanja kolinesteraza i njihovih interakcija s ligandima i inhibitorima te su izdvojene aminokiseline aktivnog mjesta koje sudjeluju u tim interakcijama.Enzymes acetylcholinesterase (AChE; E.C. 3.1.1.7) and butyrylcholinesterase (BChE; E.C. 3.1.1.8) have intensively been investigated in biomedicine and toxicology due to important role in organisms. Even if structurally homologous, they differ in catalytic activity, specificity, for substrates, and selectivity in binding to many ligands. This paper compiles the results of research on cholinesterases and their interactions with ligands and inhibitors, and identifies amino acids of active sites involved in these interactions

SEPARATION AND DOMAIN STRUCTURE OF α + B2 PHASE IN Fe-Al ALLOYS

Le processus de séparation et la structure en domaines des alliages Fe3-εAl1+ε en région biphasée α + B2 ont été recherchés en microscopie électronique. Nous avons observé l'image du fond noir par la réflexion de surstructure B2. Il en résulte que la séparation de phase à côté de la frontière entre α ou B2 et α + B2, procède de la germination et croissance des précipités B2 ou α dans la matrice α ou B2, au lieu que dans la région centrale de la phase α + B2 la séparation procède du développement de la fluctuation périodique locale sur la composition et le degré d'ordre. Dans ce dernier cas, la structure en domaines a montré les caractéristiques de la décomposition spinodale. Le processus inverse α + B2 → B2 dans la région centrale consiste en une diminution de la fluctuation à partir de la frontière entre α et B2.The process of phase separation and the domain structure of Fe3-εAl1+ε in the α + B2 phase region were investigated by means of electron microscopy. The observation by dark field images with B2 superlattice reflection revealed that the phase separation near the phase boundary between α or B2 and α + B2 regions proceeds by nucleation and growth of B2 or α precipitates in α or B2 matrix, correspondingly, whereas in the central region of the α + B2 phase the separation proceeds by development of a local periodic fluctuation in the composition and degree of order. The domain structure in the latter case showed a characteristic feature of spinodal decomposition. The reverse process, α + B2 → B2, in the central region is a diminution of grown-up fluctuation starting from the boundaries between α and B2 domains