4,656 research outputs found
Understanding the Fano Resonance : through Toy Models
The Fano Resonance, involving the mixing between a quasi-bound `discrete'
state of an inelastic channel lying in the continuum of scattering states
belonging to the elastic channel, has several subtle features. The underlying
ideas have recently attracted attention in connection with interference effects
in quantum wires and mesoscopic transport phenomena. Simple toy models are
provided in the present study to illustrate the basics of the Fano resonance in
a simple and tractable setting.Comment: 17 pages, 1 figur
Quantum discord and non-Markovianity of quantum dynamics
The problem of recognizing (non-)Markovianity of a quantum dynamics is
revisited through analyzing quantum correlations. We argue that
instantaneously-vanishing quantum discord provides a necessary and sufficient
condition for Markovianity of a quantum map. This is used to introduce a
measure of non-Markovianity. This measure, however, requires demanding
knowledge about the system and the environment. By using a quantum correlation
monogamy property and an ancillary system, we propose a simplified measure with
less requirements. Non-Markovianity is thereby decided by quantum state
tomography of the system and the ancilla.Comment: 5 pages, 3 figure
SU(N) Coherent States
We generalize Schwinger boson representation of SU(2) algebra to SU(N) and
define coherent states of SU(N) using bosonic harmonic
oscillator creation and annihilation operators. We give an explicit
construction of all (N-1) Casimirs of SU(N) in terms of these creation and
annihilation operators. The SU(N) coherent states belonging to any irreducible
representations of SU(N) are labelled by the eigenvalues of the Casimir
operators and are characterized by (N-1) complex orthonormal vectors describing
the SU(N) manifold. The coherent states provide a resolution of identity,
satisfy the continuity property, and possess a variety of group theoretic
properties.Comment: 25 pages, LaTex, no figure
Demonstration of a 1/4 cycle phase shift in the radiation-induced oscillatory-magnetoresistance in GaAs/AlGaAs devices
We examine the phase and the period of the radiation-induced
oscillatory-magnetoresistance in GaAs/AlGaAs devices utilizing in-situ magnetic
field calibration by Electron Spin Resonance of DiPhenyl-Picryl-Hydrazal. The
results confirm a -independent 1/4 cycle phase shift with respect to the condition for , and they also suggest a small
( 2%) reduction in the effective mass ratio, , with respect
to the standard value for GaAs/AlGaAs devices.Comment: 4 pages, 4 color figure
Fermionic un-particles, gauge interactions and the β function
The dynamics of fermionic unparticles is developed from first principles. It is shown that any unparticle, whether fermionic or bosonic, can be recast in terms of a canonically quantized field, but with non-local interaction terms. We further develop a possible gauge theory for fermionic unparticles. Computing the consequent contribution of un-fermions to the β function of the theory, it is shown that this can be viewed as the sum of two contributions, one fermion-like and the other scalar-like. However, if full conformal invariance is imposed, the latter vanishes identically. We discuss the consequences thereof as well as some general phenomenological issues
Quantum Thermodynamics of Small Systems: The Anyonic Otto Engine
Recent advances in applying thermodynamic ideas to quantum systems have
raised the novel prospect of using non-thermal, non-classical sources of
energy, of purely quantum origin, like quantum statistics, to extract
mechanical work in macroscopic quantum systems like Bose-Einstein condensates.
On the other hand, thermodynamic ideas have also been applied to small systems
like single molecules and quantum dots. In this paper we study the quantum
thermodynamics of small systems of anyons, with specific emphasis on the
quantum Otto engine which uses, as its working medium, just one or two anyons.
Formulae are derived for the efficiency of the Otto engine as a function of the
statistics parameter.Comment: 14 pages, 5 figure
Using Synchronic and Diachronic Relations for Summarizing Multiple Documents Describing Evolving Events
In this paper we present a fresh look at the problem of summarizing evolving
events from multiple sources. After a discussion concerning the nature of
evolving events we introduce a distinction between linearly and non-linearly
evolving events. We present then a general methodology for the automatic
creation of summaries from evolving events. At its heart lie the notions of
Synchronic and Diachronic cross-document Relations (SDRs), whose aim is the
identification of similarities and differences between sources, from a
synchronical and diachronical perspective. SDRs do not connect documents or
textual elements found therein, but structures one might call messages.
Applying this methodology will yield a set of messages and relations, SDRs,
connecting them, that is a graph which we call grid. We will show how such a
grid can be considered as the starting point of a Natural Language Generation
System. The methodology is evaluated in two case-studies, one for linearly
evolving events (descriptions of football matches) and another one for
non-linearly evolving events (terrorist incidents involving hostages). In both
cases we evaluate the results produced by our computational systems.Comment: 45 pages, 6 figures. To appear in the Journal of Intelligent
Information System
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