Pressure deformation of tires using differential stiffness for triangular solid-of-revolution elements

The derivation is presented of the differential stiffness for triangular solid of revolution elements. The derivation takes into account the element rigid body rotation only, the rotation being about the circumferential axis. Internal pressurization of a pneumatic tire is used to illustrate the application of this feature

Space Charge Modelling in Solid Dielectrics under High Electric Field Based on Double Charge Injection Model

Present study aims to develop a clear insight on factors that influence space charge dynamics in solid dielectrics through a numerical simulation. The model used for the simulation is proposed by Alison and Hill [1] which describes charge dynamics as a result of bipolar transport with single level trapping. In this model, a constant mobility and no detrapping have been assumed. The simulation results show that carrier mobility, trapping coefficient and Schottky barrier have a significant effect on the space charge dynamics. Many features of space charge profiles observed by experiments have been revealed in despite of over simplistic model. More importantly, the simulation allows us to study the role of each individual parameter in the formation of space charge in solid dielectrics, so that the experimental results can be better understood

Tensioning of a belt around a drum using membrane element

An application of the membrane element to the problem of the tensioning of a conveyer belt which wraps around a drum is presented. Two cases were investigated: (1) belt tension increase due to drum edge wear; and (2) material trapped between the drum and the belt. In both cases it was found that the increase in belt tension was due to the additional stretching of the belt resulting from the drum radius change rather than from the transverse deflection of the belt

Searching for radiative pumping lines of OH masers: II. The 53.3um absorption line towards 1612MHz OH maser sources

This paper analyzes the 53.3um line in the ISO LWS spectra towards a similar sample of OH/IR sources. We find 137 LWS spectra covering 53.3um and associated with 47 galactic OH/IR sources. Ten of these galactic OH/IR sources are found to show and another 5 ones tentatively show the 53.3um absorption while another 7 sources highly probably do not show this line. The source class is found to be correlated with the type of spectral profile: red supergiants (RSGs) and AGB stars tend to show strong blue-shifted filling emission in their 53.3um absorption line profiles while HII regions tend to show a weak red-shifted filling emission in the line profile. GC sources and megamasers do not show filling emission feature. It is argued that the filling emission might be the manifestation of an unresolved half emission half absorption profile of the 53.3um doublet. The 53.3 to 34.6um equivalent width (EW) ratio is close to unity for RSGs but much larger than unity for GC sources and megamasers while H II regions only show the 53.3um line. The pump rate defined as maser to IR photon flux ratio is approximately 5% for RSGs. The pump rates of GC sources are three order of magnitude smaller. Both the large 53.3 to 34.6um EW ratio and the small pump rate of the GC OH masers reflect that the two detected `pumping lines' in these sources are actually of interstellar origin. The pump rate of Arp 220 is 32%--much larger than that of RSGs, which indicates that the contribution of other pumping mechanisms to this megamaser is important.Comment: 34 pages, 12 figures, 4 table