Social values and the corruption argument against financial incentives for healthy behaviour

Footnotes Funding This research was funded by the Centre for the Study of Incentives in Health, from a strategic award from the Wellcome Trust Biomedical Ethics Programme (PI Marteau: 086031/Z/08/Z).Peer reviewedPublisher PD

THE CHANGING POLITICAL ENVIRONMENT FOR TOBACCO: IMPLICATIONS FOR SOUTHERN TOBACCO FARMERS, RURAL ECONOMIES, TAXPAYERS, AND CONSUMERS: DISCUSSION

agriculture principles, health principles, tobacco industry, tobacco program, Agricultural and Food Policy,

Polar Alignment of a Protoplanetary Disc around an Eccentric Binary - II. Effect of Binary and Disc Parameters

In a recent paper Martin & Lubow showed that a circumbinary disc around an eccentric binary can undergo damped nodal oscillations that lead to the polar (perpendicular) alignment of the disc relative to the binary orbit. The disc angular momentum vector aligns to the eccentricity vector of the binary. We explore the robustness of this mechanism for a low-mass disc (0.001 of the binary mass) and its dependence on system parameters by means of hydrodynamic disc simulations. We describe how the evolution depends upon the disc viscosity, temperature, size, binary mass ratio, orbital eccentricity, and inclination. We compare results with predictions of linear theory. We show that polar alignment of a low-mass disc may occur over a wide range of binary-disc parameters. We discuss the application of our results to the formation of planetary systems around eccentric binary stars

U.S. Foreign Trade in Services: Trends and U.S. Policy Challenges

[Excerpt] This report provides background information and analysis on U.S. foreign trade in services. The focus of the report is an analysis of the policy challenges that the United States confronts, especially the challenge of negotiating a set of international disciplines on trade in services and dealing with the complexity of measuring trade in services. The report also focuses on emerging issues and current negotiations, especially those pertaining to the Trade in Services Agreement (TISA), the Trans-Pacific Partnership (TPP), and the Transatlantic Trade and Investment Partnership (TTIP) agreement

Five-Year Response of Spontaneous Vegetation to Removal of Invasive Amur Bush Honeysuckle Along an Urban Creek

Non-native invasive species have major impacts on landscapes worldwide, but their effects in urban areas are not well documented. We quantified the response of naturally regenerating vegetation along an urban creek to removal of the invasive shrub Lonicera maackii (Amur Bush Honeysuckle). Over the 5-year study, species richness more than doubled. Most new plants were native, disturbance-adapted, early successional species. Trend analysis of function traits revealed annuals that rely on seed dispersal by wind or externally on animals were significantly overrepresented among new plants in comparison to their proportion in the countywide species pool. Increased species richness did not result in improved habitat quality, as indicated by Floristic Quality Assessment. Eight new invasive species appeared over the course of the study. Active management of this site may be needed in perpetuit

Composite pairing in a mixed valent two channel Anderson model

Using a two-channel Anderson model, we develop a theory of composite pairing in the 115 family of heavy fermion superconductors that incorporates the effects of f-electron valence fluctuations. Our calculations introduce "symplectic Hubbard operators": an extension of the slave boson Hubbard operators that preserves both spin rotation and time-reversal symmetry in a large N expansion, permitting a unified treatment of anisotropic singlet pairing and valence fluctuations. We find that the development of composite pairing in the presence of valence fluctuations manifests itself as a phase-coherent mixing of the empty and doubly occupied configurations of the mixed valent ion. This effect redistributes the f-electron charge within the unit cell. Our theory predicts a sharp superconducting shift in the nuclear quadrupole resonance frequency associated with this redistribution. We calculate the magnitude and sign of the predicted shift expected in CeCoIn_5.Comment: 13 pages, 5 figure