Effectiveness Some Plant Extracts of Third Instar Nymphs Nezara viridula L. (Hemiptera: Pentatomidae) Attack on String Bean Pod

The objective of this research wa to examine effectiveness of several plant extracts against of Thrid Instar Nymphs N. viridula on string bean pod. The experiment was conducted in the Laboratory of plant Pests, Faculty of Agriculture Pattimura University. The experimental method was a completely randomized design with five different treatments included A (garlic extract 15%), B (citronella extract 15%), C (neem leaf extract 15%), D (neem oil 2,5 %), E (Diazinon 600 EC 0,15%), and one control. Observations were made on the Early toxicity symptoms, cumulative mortality, and mortality rate of Thrid Instar Nymphs N. viridula The results showed that the application of garlic extract cumulative mortality 80%, mortality rate 5.11 hours kills 50% of test insects, citronella extract cumulative mortality 100%, mortality rate 0.98 hours kills 76.7% of test insects, neem leaf extract mortality cumulative 100% with a mortality rate of 0.86 hours, neem oil cumulative mortality of 66.67%, mortality rate of 9.72 hours killing 53.33% of test insects, and Diazinon 600 EC cumulative mortality of 100%, mortality rate of 0.80 hours killing 93.3%. Several plant extracts applied to Thrid Instar Nymphs N. viridula were very effective. Especially the treatment of neem leaves with a cumulative mortality of 100% with a mortality rate of 0.86 hours and citronella with a cumulative mortality of 100%, a mortality rate of 0.98 hours killed 76.7% of the test insects

Uji Efektivitas Bioinsektisida Beauveria Bassiana Bals, Vull. (Bassikoka) Terhadap Larva Instar Iii Spodoptera Litura Pada Tanaman Sawi (Brassica Juncea L.)

This study aims to obtain data on the effectiveness of several concentrations of Beauveria bassiana (BASSIKOKA) against the third instar pest Spodoptera Litura on mustard greens. This research was conducted at the Laboratory of Pests, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Pattimura. This study used a completely randomized design with Beauveria bassiana (Bassikoka) bioinsecticide treatment with a concentration of 0.1g/L of water, 0.2g/L of water, 0.3 g/L of water, 0, 4 g/L, and control as comparison. Observations were made on the initial symptoms of infection, mortality, and the fastest time to kill 50% of the third instar larvae of Spodoptera litura. Based on the results of the study, it can be concluded that the concentration of 0.4 g/L bioinsecticide Beauveria bassiana (Bassikoka) is effective against third instar larvae of Spodoptera litura L. with a mortality rate of 90% and the fastest time to kill 50% of third instar larvae of Spodoptera litura 2.4 days

ANALISIS INDEKS PEMBANGUNAN MANUSIA (IPM) DENGAN MENGGUNAKAN ANALISIS REGRESI KUANTIL (Studi Kasus Indonesia Bagian Timur : Maluku, Maluku Utara, Papua Barat, Papua)

Analisis statistika yang digunakan untuk permasalahan ini adalah analisis regresi. Analisis regresi telah dikembangkan menjadi berbagai jenis, bergantung tujuannya. Sesuai dengan permasalahan IPM analisis regresi yang tepat digunakan adalah analisis regresi kuantil. Analisis regresi kuantil merupakan analisis regresi yang bertujuan untuk melihat pengaruh variabel bebas terhadap variabel terikat dengan terdapat kasus outlier pada variabel terikat. Metode ini tidak terpengaruh adanya pencilan (outlier) dan dapat menyebabkan hasil estimasi parameter menjadi stabil serta  tepat untuk menganalisis sejumlah data yang simetris. Penelitian ini memodelkan indikator-indikator yang mempengaruhi IPM di Indonesia Timur. Diperoleh hasil bahwa dengan menggunakan metode regresi kuantil dari model terbaik dengan diperoleh  sebesar 0,9517, sehingga diperoleh hasil indikator-indikator yang mempengaruhi IPM di Indonesia Timur adalah indikator rata-rata lama sekolah, harapan lama sekolah, angka harapan hidup dan pengeluaran per kapita

Medicinal plants in Inamberi Research Station of Manokwari and their conservation status

Papua is well-known for its medicinal plants. However, several of them are not well documented yet. Numerous efforts have recently been addressed to record medicinal plants in different parts of Papua. This study aimed to identify medicinal plants in the Inamberi Research Station of Manokwari, West Papua Province. All plant species grown in the research station were listed and documented. The method used in this study was the observation method with survey techniques. Literature reviews were performed to identify the medicinal plants that were generally used by the local people of Papua. The conservation status of medicinal plants was derived from the IUCN red list website. The total medicinal plants grown in the research station were about 43 species, dominated by Euphorbiaceae and Moraceae families. Trees were the dominant medicinal plants. Medicinal plants in the research station can treat various diseases and some of them can cure more than one disease. Local people of Papua generally utilize leaves as medicinal plants. The utilization of medicinal plants was simple: boiling and drinking, directly eating it, chewing and attaching it to the wounds, and rubbing it on the skin. The conservation status of medicinal plants was categorized as low risk. However, concern should be given to Pterocarpus indicus that has been categorized by IUCN as an Endangered species. Ex situ and in situ conservation are required to protect this specie

The Feynman effective classical potential in the Schr\"odinger formulation

New physical insight into the correspondence between path integral concepts and the Schr\"odinger formulation is gained by the analysis of the effective classical potential, that is defined within the Feynman path integral formulation of statistical mechanics. This potential is related to the quasi-static response of the equilibrium system to an external force. These findings allow for a comprehensive formulation of dynamical approximations based on this potential.Comment: 10 pages, 4 figure

Hyperfine Structure Constants for Eu Isotopes: Is The Empirical Formula of HFS Anomaly Universal ?

We calculate the hyperfine structure constant for the Eu isotopes with shell model wave functions. The calculated results are compared with those predicted by the Moskowitz-Lombardi (M-L) empirical formula. It turns out that the two approaches give the very different behaviors of the hfs constants in the isotope dependence. This should be easily measured by experiment, which may lead to the universality check of the M-L formula.Comment: 18 pages, Latex, two figure

Solid helium at high pressure: A path-integral Monte Carlo simulation

Solid helium (3He and 4He) in the hcp and fcc phases has been studied by path-integral Monte Carlo. Simulations were carried out in the isothermal-isobaric (NPT) ensemble at pressures up to 52 GPa. This allows one to study the temperature and pressure dependences of isotopic effects on the crystal volume and vibrational energy in a wide parameter range. The obtained equation of state at room temperature agrees with available experimental data. The kinetic energy, E_k, of solid helium is found to be larger than the vibrational potential energy, E_p. The ratio E_k/E_p amounts to about 1.4 at low pressures, and decreases as the applied pressure is raised, converging to 1, as in a harmonic solid. Results of these simulations have been compared with those yielded by previous path integral simulations in the NVT ensemble. The validity range of earlier approximations is discussed.Comment: 7 pages, 5 figure

How can we derive Fourier's Law from quantum mechanics? Exact master equation analysis

We derive the macroscopic Fourier's Law of heat conduction from the exact gain-loss time convolutionless quantum master equation under three assumptions for the interaction kernel. To second order in the interaction, we show that the first two assumptions are natural results of the long time limit. The third assumption can be satisfied by a family of interactions consisting an exchange effect. The pure exchange model directly leads to energy diffusion in a weakly coupled spin-1/2 chain

Evidence of suppression of onchocerciasis transmission in the Venezuelan Amazonian focus.

BACKGROUND: The World Health Organization (WHO) has set goals for onchocerciasis elimination in Latin America by 2015. Most of the six previously endemic countries are attaining this goal by implementing twice a year (and in some foci, quarterly) mass ivermectin (Mectizan®) distribution. Elimination of transmission has been verified in Colombia, Ecuador and Mexico. Challenges remain in the Amazonian focus straddling Venezuela and Brazil, where the disease affects the hard-to-reach Yanomami indigenous population. We provide evidence of suppression of Onchocerca volvulus transmission by Simulium guianense s.l. in 16 previously hyperendemic Yanomami communities in southern Venezuela after 15 years of 6-monthly and 5 years of 3-monthly mass ivermectin treatment. METHODS: Baseline and monitoring and evaluation parasitological, ophthalmological, entomological and serological surveys were conducted in selected sentinel and extra-sentinel communities of the focus throughout the implementation of the programme. RESULTS: From 2010 to 2012–2015, clinico-parasitological surveys indicate a substantial decrease in skin microfilarial prevalence and intensity of infection; accompanied by no evidence (or very low prevalence and intensity) of ocular microfilariae in the examined population. Of a total of 51,341 S. guianense flies tested by PCR none had L3 infection (heads only). Prevalence of infective flies and seasonal transmission potentials in 2012–2013 were, respectively, under 1 % and 20 L3/person/transmission season. Serology in children aged 1–10 years demonstrated that although 26 out of 396 (7 %) individuals still had Ov-16 antibodies, only 4/218 (2 %) seropositives were aged 1–5 years. CONCLUSIONS: We report evidence of recent transmission and morbidity suppression in some communities of the focus representing 75 % of the Yanomami population and 70 % of all known communities. We conclude that onchocerciasis transmission could be feasibly interrupted in the Venezuelan Amazonian focus. ELECTRONIC SUPPLEMENTARY MATERIAL: The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s13071-016-1313-z) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users

POPULASI IMAGO Sitophilus oryzae L (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) PADA BEBERAPA JENIS BERAS ASAL DESA WAIMITAL KECAMATAN KAIRATU

The objective of this study was to determine the population of Sitophilus oryzae imago on rice from 5 varieties of paddy from Waimital Village. The rice used in this research were taken directly from rice mill in Waimital Village. Completely Randomized Design with 5 treatments and 3 replications was used in this study. Two trials were used in this research. The first experiment was to investigate the incidence of imago S. oryzae each week, and the second trial to calculate the population on rice stored for 8 weeks. The results showed that there was a different period of development of S. oryzae every week on five types of rice. While for 8 weeks storage, the highest population of S. oryzae imago was on variety of Inpari 21 with 184.00 beetles, and the lowest was on variety of Cimelati with 64.67 beetles. The population on the other 3 varieties (Mekongga, Ciherang, and IR64) were 176.33, 133.33 and 76.33 respectivel