k −1]

In this paper, we introduce the novel integrated actuator-sensor on a single Ionic-Polymer film and its control strategy. Both IPMC and BuckyGel were our target materials. A/S system will enable feedback control by getting over nonlinear characteristics of those plants and individual variability. We have investigated a displacement observer with regarding to the considerable electric interference and installed in the integrated system to build the entire system. 1, The integrated system We have manufactured the integrated actuator-sensor of IPMC and BuckyGel. On IPMC film, slit of straight line was cut to separate it into 2 phases (Fig.1). BuckyGel is usually manufactured by casting method but in this time we have investigated printing method to obtain parallel integrated system and 5-layer integrated system as shown in Fig.2

Systematic review and meta-analysis of the impact of tumour budding in colorectal cancer.

BACKGROUND Tumour budding is a histological finding in epithelial cancers indicating an unfavourable phenotype. Previous studies have demonstrated that it is a negative prognostic indicator in colorectal cancer (CRC), and has been proposed as an additional factor to incorporate into staging protocols. METHODS A systematic review of papers until March 2016 published on Embase, Medline, PubMed, PubMed Central and Cochrane databases pertaining to tumour budding in CRC was performed. Study end points were the presence of lymph node metastases, recurrence (local and distal) and 5-year cancer-related death. RESULTS A total of 7821 patients from 34 papers were included, with a mean rate of tumour budding of 36.8±16.5%. Pooled analysis suggested that specimens exhibiting tumour budding were significantly associated with lymph node positivity (OR 4.94, 95% CI 3.96-6.17, P<0.00001), more likely to develop disease recurrence over the time period (OR 5.50, 95% CI 3.64-8.29, P<0.00001) and more likely to lead to cancer-related death at 5 years (OR 4.51, 95% CI 2.55-7.99, P<0.00001). CONCLUSIONS Tumour budding in CRC is strongly predictive of lymph node metastases, recurrence and cancer-related death at 5 years, and its incorporation into the CRC staging algorithm will contribute to more effective risk stratification