ASSESSING THE COSTS OF MANDATORY BEVERAGE CONTAINER DEPOSIT LEGISLATION

Agricultural and Food Policy,

FIRST COMPLETE GENOME SEQUENCE OF OCULAR ISOLATE CARRYING BLAVIM-2 MEDIATED MULTI-DRUG-RESISTANT(MDR) PSEUDOMONAS AERUGINOSA VRFPA04 FROM INDIA AND TWO DRAFT GENOME SEQUENCE OF OCULAR ISOLATES PSEUDOMONAS AERUGINOSA VRFPA03 AND VRFPA05 HARBORING NOVEL BLA

Objective: Ocular infections caused by Multi-Drug resistant (MDR) Pseudomonas aeruginosa are rare but increasingly identified recently. In this context, we have applied Next Generation Sequencing (NGS) based whole genome analysis on three ocular isolates of MDR P. aeruginosa to explore the drug resistance determinants and genomic level variations.Methods: Three ocular isolates namely P. aeruginosa VRFP03, VRFPA04 from two different Keratitis patients (corneal button) and VRFPA05 isolated from the intraocular specimen (Vitreous humor) collected from an endophthalmitis patient was included in this study. Phenotypically VRFPA03, VRFPA04, VRFPA05 showed resistant to a wide group of antibiotics and hence they were taken up for Ion Torrent-PGM based whole genome study.Results: Here, we report the first complete genome sequence of MDR P. aeruginosa VRFPA04 isolated from the Indian keratitis patients clinical specimen (corneal button) submitted to L & T Microbiology Research Centre, Vision Research Foundation, Sankara Nethralaya, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India. The circular chromosome of P aeruginosa VRFPA04 was published under the NCBI accession number CP008739.2. Two Draft genome sequences of MDR P. aeruginosa VRFPA03 and VRFPA05 were published under the NCBI accession number ATNK01000000.1 and AXZJ01000000.1 respectively.Conclusion: Preliminary genomic analysis on P. aeruginosa VRFPA03, VRFPA04 and VRFPA05 revealed the presence of Metallo Beta-lactamase (MBL) genes blaDim-1, blaVim-2 andblaGes-9 genes respectively. These MBL genes were concordance with a phenotypic pattern of carbapenem resistance among VRFPA03, VRFPA04 and VRFPA05 strains, respectively. We are proud to share that this is the first of its kind to report blaDIM-1 from an Indianisolate especially from an Ocular origin.Â

EVALUATION OF A METHOD FOR DETECTION OF BOTH METALLO BETALACTAMASE (MBL) AND EFFLUX PRODUCTION USING CARBONYL CYANIDE 3-CHLOROPHENYLHYDRAZONE (CCCP)±COMBINATION METHOD AMONG PSEUDOMONAS AERUGINOSA ISOLATED FROM CLINICAL SPECIMENS

Objective: To standardize a method for the differential detection of Metallo Betalactamase (MBL) production and efflux pump mechanism using Carbonyl Cyanide 3-ChloroPhenylhydrazone (CCCP) among the clinical isolates of Pseudomonas aeruginosa recovered from ocular specimens.Methods: A total of 110 clinical isolates of Pseudomonas aeruginosa were plated onto Muller-Hinton agar (MHA) plate with CCCP and without CCCP. Carbapenems-Ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA) combination disk method was performed on CCCP± plates for individual isolates and the results were compared.Results: Out of 110 clinical isolates of P aeruginosa studied, 11(10%) were tested positive for MBL Production by carbapenem-EDTA combination test/CCCP-test. In which, six isolates showed positive for both efflux and MBL production using CCCP+plate and 5 isolates showed positive only for MBL production.Conclusion: The current study standardized a method for detecting both MBL and efflux mechanism in a single plate consists of CCCP± plate containing antibiotic disk with and without EDTA. Implication of this method in routine diagnostics will help the clinicians to treat the patient with appropriate drug choice and dosage.Â

Complication of Salmonella Bacteremia in a Case of Treated Fungal Endophthalmitis

This is to report a case of bacteremia caused by Salmonella typhi in a treated unilateral fungal endogenous endophthalmitis in an 18-year-old male from one of the South Asian countries. Microbiological and molecular investigations were carried out on the eviscerated material and routine blood culture was carried out. Direct examination of eviscerated material revealed the presence of fungal filaments. However, Salmonella typhi was isolated from both specimens, which was confirmed by Polymerase chain reaction targeting the 16SrRNA gene, sequencing, and random amplification of polymorphic DNA showed that they belonged to the same clone. The presence of Salmonella bacteremia in a treated unilateral fungal endophthalmitis, among young adult patients is rare and systemic symptoms should be investigated

Critical Crossover Between Yosida-Kondo Dominant Regime and Magnetic Frustration Dominant Regime in the System of a Magnetic Trimer on a Metal Surface

Quantum Monte Carlo simulations were carried out for the system of a magnetic trimer on a metal surface. The magnetic trimer is arranged in two geometric configurations, viz., isosceles and equilateral triangles. The calculated spectral density and magnetic susceptibility show the existence of two phases: Yosida-Kondo dominant phase and magnetic frustration dominant phase. Furthermore, a critical transition between these two phases can be induced by changing the configuration of the magnetic trimers from isosceles to equilateral triangle.Comment: 8 pages, 4 figures; accepted for publication in J. Phys. Soc. Jp

Functional evolution of quantum cylindrical waves

Kucha{\v{r}} showed that the quantum dynamics of (1 polarization) cylindrical wave solutions to vacuum general relativity is determined by that of a free axially-symmetric scalar field along arbitrary axially-symmetric foliations of a fixed flat 2+1 dimensional spacetime. We investigate if such a dynamics can be defined {\em unitarily} within the standard Fock space quantization of the scalar field. Evolution between two arbitrary slices of an arbitrary foliation of the flat spacetime can be built out of a restricted class of evolutions (and their inverses). The restricted evolution is from an initial flat slice to an arbitrary (in general, curved) slice of the flat spacetime and can be decomposed into (i) `time' evolution in which the spatial Minkowskian coordinates serve as spatial coordinates on the initial and the final slice, followed by (ii) the action of a spatial diffeomorphism of the final slice on the data obtained from (i). We show that although the functional evolution of (i) is unitarily implemented in the quantum theory, generic spatial diffeomorphisms of (ii) are not. Our results imply that a Tomanaga-Schwinger type functional evolution of quantum cylindrical waves is not a viable concept even though, remarkably, the more limited notion of functional evolution in Kucha{\v{r}}'s `half parametrized formalism' is well-defined.Comment: Replaced with published versio

Uterine haemodynamics and band neutrophils as recovery markers in medical management of canine pyometra

Canine pyometra is a hormonally mediated life-threatening uterine disease of canines, associated with bacterial infection and inflammation. The disease is characterized by the accumulation of pus in the uterus and systemic illness. The study was undertaken to assess the relevance of band cells in circulation and Doppler ultrasonography in the prognostic evaluation of medically managed canine pyometra. A significantly higher band of neutrophils were recorded among bitches presented with pyometra, which reduced to the physiologically normal range as treatment progressed in the animals which responded to the treatment. The resistive index, which was lower than the threshold value of 0.72, increased as the treatment progressed in the responsive animals and proved to be a reliable tool as a recovery marker

Evidence for one-dimensional chiral edge states in a magnetic Weyl semimetal Co₃Sn₂S₂

The physical realization of Chern insulators is of fundamental and practical interest, as they are predicted to host the quantum anomalous Hall (QAH) effect and topologically protected chiral edge states which can carry dissipationless current. Current realizations of the QAH state often require complex heterostructures and sub-Kelvin temperatures, making the discovery of intrinsic, high temperature QAH systems of significant interest. In this work we show that time-reversal symmetry breaking Weyl semimetals, being essentially stacks of Chern insulators with inter-layer coupling, may provide a new platform for the higher temperature realization of robust chiral edge states. We present combined scanning tunneling spectroscopy and theoretical investigations of the magnetic Weyl semimetal, Co3Sn2S2. Using modeling and numerical simulations we find that depending on the strength of the interlayer coupling, chiral edge states can be localized on partially exposed kagome planes on the surfaces of a Weyl semimetal. Correspondingly, our dI/dV maps on the kagome Co3Sn terraces show topological states confined to the edges which display linear dispersion. This work provides a new paradigm for realizing chiral edge modes and provides a pathway for the realization of higher temperature QAH effect in magnetic Weyl systems in the two-dimensional limit. © 2021, The Author(s)

Theory of the Fano Resonance in the STM Tunneling Density of States due to a Single Kondo Impurity

The conduction electron density of states nearby single magnetic impurities, as measured recently by scanning tunneling microscopy (STM), is calculated, taking into account tunneling into conduction electron states only. The Kondo effect induces a narrow Fano resonance in the conduction electron density of states, while scattering off the d-level generates a weakly energy dependent Friedel oscillation. The line shape varies with the distance between STM tip and impurity, in qualitative agreement with experiments, but is very sensitive to details of the band structure. For a Co impurity the experimentally observed width and shift of the Kondo resonance are in accordance with those obtained from a combination of band structure and strongly correlated calculations.Comment: 4 pages, ReVTeX + 4 figures (Encapsulated Postscript), submitted to PR

Conductance and density of states as the Kramers-Kronig dispersion relation

By applying the Kramers-Kronig dispersion relation to the transmission amplitude a direct connection of the conductance with the density of states is given in quantum scattering systems connected to two one-channel leads. Using this method we show that in the Fano resonance the peak position of the density of states is generally different from the position of the corresponding conductance peak, whereas in the Breit-Wigner resonance those peak positions coincide. The lineshapes of the density of states are well described by a Lorentz type in the both resonances. These results are verified by another approach using a specific form of the scattering matrix to describe scattering resonances.Comment: 9 pages, 4 figure