Effect of operatories parameters and elements composition of bath on the electroless copper deposition

The effect of operatories parameters and elements composition bath on deposition rate of electroless copper plating obtained from hypophosphite was investigated. It is found that the deposition rate increased significantly with increasing of nickel ions, acid boric and hypophosphite ions concentration and with pH value.  Indeed, it is noted also that the deposition rate depend with temperature and the copper ions concentration. SEM/EDX analysis of the optimum bath showed that the deposit is generally homogeneous and presents a nodular structure and its composition contains 94.64 wt % of copper element and 5.36 wt% of nickel element. The XRD diffraction pattern of the film deposit showed that the deposit has a crystalline structure. So, the copper film with a higher (111) texture is preferred due to its higher reliability against electro-migration and lower electrical resistance

Eco-Friendly Tri-Sodium Citrate as Corrosion Inhibitor for Mild Steel in Synthetic Cooling Water System

The influence of an ecofriendly tri-sodium citrate (TSC) on the inhibition of mild steel corrosion in synthetic cooling water was studied by using potentiodynamic polarization (PP), and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) measurements. The state of mild steel surface was characterized by scanning microscopy electron (SEM) analysis. It is found that TSC acts as an anodic type inhibitor where its inhibition increases with concentration to reach a maximum of 89 % at 10-3 M. Indeed, the EIS plots revealed that TSC increases the polarization resistance of mild steel confirming the current-potential measurement and indicated that the inhibition efficiency of TSC increase with immersion time until 24 h of immersion. SEM investigation demonstrated that the inhibition of mild steel in corrosive/TSC solution was realized by the TSC molecules adsorption onto mild steel to prevent the dissolution process by blocking the active sites on its surface. Thus, it is shown that the TSC obey to the Langmuir isotherm and it is adsorbed via both physical and chemical adsorption which can explain by potential of zero charge (PZC) technique