Boron content and some quality features of potato tubers under the conditions of using sulphur fertilizer

The objective of the study was to investigate the impact of sulphur application on the content and uptake of boron (B) with the yield of potato tubers. A field experiment with potato was conducted in 2009–2011, with S applied in different forms (elemental and K2SO4) and at different rates (0, 25 and 50 kg ha-1 ). The content of B in tubers depended significantly on each fertilizer S rate and form. The uptake of boron with dry mass of tubers was equally advantageous in the application of each rate and form with sulphur fertilization compared to controls. No significant effect of weather on the content and uptake of boron tubers was found. The tuber yield and starch content were significantly increased by both the fertilizer S rate and form. A positive correlation was found between B content and B uptake of the yield of tubers. B uptake positively correlated with tuber yield and with a yield of DM and with the yield of starch. Sulphur applied as sulphate increased the content of SO4-S in the soil. Application of elemental S at a rate of 50 kg ha-1 decreased the pH of the soil. Soil content of total C depended on each rate and form of S applied. No correlation was found between B content and B uptake between the analysed soil parameters. The content of total C in the soil was positively correlated with tuber yield. The pH of soil negatively correlated with tuber yield

Wpływ dawki i rodzaju siarki na zawartość i pobranie mikroelementów przez bulwy ziemniaka (Solanum tubersosum L.)

In case of sulphur shortage in the soil that element has a significant impact on yields of plants and their quality. The objective was to assess the impact of the work and the kind of sulphur content of Cu, Zn, Mn and Fe in the dry mass and uptake these elements by yield of dry mass of potato tuber. Experience in the field of potato head was in the years 2004–2006 by applying different kinds of sulphur (elemental and K2SO4) and dose (0, 25 and 50 kg·ha-1). Sulphur indeed affected the application to increase the yield of tubers. However, there has been an independent impact dose and kind of sulphur of tested characteristics. Only in the case of interaction of dose and kind of sulphur fertilization it was found that the highest yield was found when using 25 kg∙ha-1 in the sulphate kind and 50 kg∙ha-1 S in sulphate and elemental kind. The yield of dry mass was greatest when applied 25 kg∙ha-1 in the sulphate kind. The content of Cu, Zn, Mn (except Fe) in the dry mass and uptake these elements by yield of dry mass of potato tuber was significantly determined by S fertilization. The highest content of Cu and Zn in the dry mass and uptake these elements by yield of dry mass of tuber was after applying 50 kg S∙ha-1 in elemental kind and on the control plots (without sulphur). Content and uptake of Mn by tuber was reduced by sulphur fertilization, and the contents and uptake of the Fe by tuber increased as a result of increasing doses of sulphur (although not confirmed that statistically). Elemental sulphur in dose 50 kg∙ha-1 substantially reduced the pH value of the soil. It was a significant correlation between the pH value of the soil and the contents of Cu (negative), Zn (positive) and Mn (different values depending on years of research) in the dry mass and uptake these elements by yield of dry mass of potato tuber.W warunkach niedoboru siarki w glebie nawożenie tym pierwiastkiem ma istotny wpływ na plonowanie roślin i ich jakość. Celem pracy była ocena wpływu dawki i rodzaju siarki na zawartość w suchej masie i pobranie przez plon suchej masy bulw ziemniaka Cu, Zn, Mn i Fe. Doświadczenie polowe z ziemniakiem prowadzono w latach 2004–2006, stosując różne rodzaje siarki (siarka elementarna i K2SO4) i dawki (0, 25 i 50 kg∙ha-1). Aplikacja siarki istotnie wpłynęła na zwiększenie plonu bulw. Jednakże nie zaobserwowano niezależnego wpływu dawki siarki i rodzaju nawozu. Dopiero w przypadku ich współdziałania stwierdzono, że najwyższy plon bulw nastąpił, gdy zastosowano 25 kg∙ha-1 siarki w postaci siarczanowej i 50 kg∙ha-1 siarki niezależnie od rodzaju nawozu. Plon suchej masy bulw był największy, gdy stosowano 25 kg∙ha-1 siarki w postaci siarczanowej. Zawartość w suchej masie bulw i pobranie w plonie suchej masy bulw Cu, Zn, Mn (z wyjątkiem Fe) zależało generalnie od nawożenia siarką. Dodatek siarki w dawce 25 kg∙ha-1 w postaci siarczanowej obniżał zawartość i pobranie mikroelementów w suchej masie bulw. Najwyższa zawartość i pobranie Cu i Zn przez bulwy była po zastosowaniu 50 kg S∙ha-1 w postaci elementarnej i na poletkach kontrolnych (bez siarki). Zawartość i pobranie Mn było ograniczane nawożeniem siarką, natomiast zawartość i pobranie Fe przez bulwy zwiększało się w wyniku zwiększania dawki siarki (choć nie potwierdzono tego statystycznie). Nawożenie siarką elementarną w dawce 50 kg∙ha-1 istotnie zmniejszyło wartość pH gleby. Stwierdzono istotną korelację między wartością pH gleby a zawartością i pobraniem Cu (ujemną), Zn (dodatnią) i Mn (różne wartości w zależności od lat badań)

Wplyw wzbogacenia nawozenia NPK dodatkiem S, Mg, i mikroelementow zawartych w plynnym nawozie Insol 7 na plon i porazenie bulw ziemniaka [Solanum tuberosum L.] przez Streptomyces scabies i Rhizoctonia solani

Elemental sulphur and Kieserite fertilization have been demonstrated to improve potato tuber (Solanum tuberosum) yield quality and resistance against Streptomyces scabies; the bacterial effect was attributed to reduced soil pH. So far, no information has been available about the influence of S, Mg and supply of micronutrients on bacterial and fungal diseases of potato plants. Field trials performed in a split-plot design with varied fertilization treatments (NPK with/without S and Mg and microelements B, Zn, Mn, Cu fertilization) including three potato cultivars were conducted in the south eastern region (near Zamość) of Poland in 2004-2006. The application of S and Mg and micronutrients decreased the tuber infection rate and severity of Streptomyces scabies and Rhizoctonia solani, while increasing potato tuber yield. Generally, tuber yield and wholesomeness were mostly related to a genotype (cultivar), mineral fertilization treatments and their interaction with a cultivar.Nawożenie ziemniaka siarką elementarną i kizerytem podwyższa plon bulw, poprawia ich jakość i odporność na porażenie przez Streptomyces scabies. Obniżenie odczynu gleby (pH) wskutek nawożenia S-elementarną może ograniczać wpływ chorób grzybowych. Jednak że brak jest szerszych informacji o bezpośrednim wpływie łącznego nawożenia S i Mg na wzrost odporności na porażenie bulw ziemniaka przez choroby bakteryjne i grzybowe. Eksperyment polowy na glebie brunatnej wyługowanej przeprowadzono w latach 2004-2006 w płd.-wsch. rejonie Polski (k. Zamościa). Pod 3 odmiany ziemniaka zastosowano następująco zróżnicowane nawożenie mineralne: NPK oraz NPK z dodatkiem S, Mg i mikroelementów: B, Zn, Mn, Cu. Wzbogacenie NPK w S i Mg oraz mikroelementy spowodowało zmniejszenie porażenia bulw przez Streptomyces scabies i Rhizoctonia solani oraz zwiększenie plonu bulw ziemniaka. Generalnie zdrowotność i plon bulw były najsilniej zależne od odmiany, następnie od nawożenia mineralnego oraz jego współdziałania z odmianami

Czy nawożenie siarką modyfikuje zawartość magnezu i wapnia w bulwach ziemniaka (Solanum tubersosum L.)?

In case of sulphur shortage in the soil that element has a significant impact on yields of plants and their quality. The objective of the work was the impact of sulphur fertilization on content of Mg and Ca in the dry-mass and in yield of dry-mass of potato tuber. Experience in the field of potato head was in the years 2004–2006 by applying different kinds of sulphur (elemental and K2SO4) and rate (0, 25 and 50 kgāha-1). The content of Mg and Ca in the dry mass and Mg content in yield of dry mass of potato tuber was significantly determined by S fertilization. The highest content of Mg and Ca was found when using 25 kg S·ha-1 in elemental kind and 50 kg S·ha-1 in elemental and sulphur kind. Mg content in yield of dry mass of tubers increased S-elemental fertilization regardless of the rate, while this parameter of Ca no depended on S-fertilization. Sulphur fertilization in sulphate kind increased content S-SO4 in the soil, while S-elemental fertilization in rate 50 kg·ha-1 decreased pH value of soil. Negatively correlation was between pH value of soil and Mg content in dry-mass of tuber. Negatively correlation was also between pH value of soil and Ca content in yield of dry mass of potato tubers. In case of sulphur shortage in the soil that element has a significant impact on yields of plants and their quality. The objective of the work was the impact of sulphur fertilization on content of Mg and Ca in the dry-mass and in yield of dry-mass of potato tuber. Experience in the field of potato head was in the years 2004–2006 by applying different kinds of sulphur (elemental and K2SO4) and rate (0, 25 and 50 kgāha-1). The content of Mg and Ca in the dry mass and Mg content in yield of dry mass of potato tuber was significantly determined by S fertilization. The highest content of Mg and Ca was found when using 25 kg S·ha-1 in elemental kind and 50 kg S·ha-1 in elemental and sulphur kind. Mg content in yield of dry mass of tubers increased S-elemental fertilization regardless of the rate, while this parameter of Ca no depended on S-fertilization. Sulphur fertilization in sulphate kind increased content S-SO4 in the soil, while S-elemental fertilization in rate 50 kg·ha-1 decreased pH value of soil. Negatively correlation was between pH value of soil and Mg content in dry-mass of tuber. Negatively correlation was also between pH value of soil and Ca content in yield of dry mass of potato tubers.W warunkach niedoboru siarki w glebie nawożenie tym pierwiastkiem ma istotny wpáyw na plonowanie roślin i ich jakość. Celem pracy była ocena wpływu dawki i rodzaju siarki na zawartość w suchej masie i pobranie przez plon suchej masy bulw ziemniaka Mg i Ca. Doświadczenie polowe z ziemniakiem prowadzono w latach 2004–2006, stosując różne rodzaje siarki (siarka elementarna i K2SO4) oraz dawki (0, 25 i 50 kg·ha-1). Aplikacja siarki istotnie wpłynęła na zawartość Mg i Ca w suchej masie bulw i zawartość Mg w plonie suchej masy bulw. Największą zawartość Mg i Ca stwierdzono po zastosowaniu 25 kg S·ha-1 w formie elementarnej i 50 kg S·ha-1, bez względu na formę. Wpływ na zwiększoną zawartość Mg w plonie s.m. bulw miało zastosowanie siarki elementarnej bez względu na formę, natomiast cecha ta w przypadku wapnia nie zależała od nawożenia siarką. Nawożenie siarką w formie siarczanu bez względu na dawkę zwiększało zawartość formy przyswajalnej SO4 w glebie, natomiast siarki elementarnej, zwłaszcza w dawce 50 kg·ha-1, wpływało na obniżenie odczynu (pH) gleby. Ujemna korelacja wystąpiła pomiędzy odczynem gleby (pH) a zawartością Mg w suchej masie bulw oraz pomiędzy pH gleby a zawartością Ca w s.m. i w plonie s.m. bulw ziemniaka

Content of zinc and iron in common bean seeds (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) in different weed control methods

A field experiment was conducted in 2010-2012 on a private farm located in the village of Frankamionka in the administrative district (powiat) of Zamość, on brown soil with slightly acidic pH, and the average abundance of zinc and iron. The experiment was set up in a random split-plot design with four replications, with seven methods for controlling weed infestation: 1) no weeding control, 2) hand weeding control, 3) linuron (Afalon dyspersyjny 450 SC), 4) linuron + metribuzin (Afalon dyspersyjny 450 SC + Mistral 70 WG), 5) linuron + chlomazone (Harrier 295 ZC), 6) linuron + chlomazone + metribuzin (Harrier 295 ZC + Mistral 70 WG), 7) bentazon (Basagran 480 SL twice). The objective of the study was to determine the effect of weeding control methods on the content of iron and zinc in the seeds of cv. Jaś Karłowy common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.). The highest seed yield, on average 29.39 dt ha-1, was obtained on the plots where weeds were controlled by the application of the herbicides Harrier 295 ZC + Mistral 20 WG just after sowing. The lowest seed yield was harvested on unweeded plots – 6.77 dt ha-1 on average. Statistical analysis showed a significant effect of the weed control methods and the weather conditions in growing seasons on the content of iron and zinc in bean seeds. The lowest amount of zinc, an average of 36.11 mg kg-1, was found in beans from unweeded plots. The use of the herbicides Afalon dyspersyjny 450 SC + Mistral 70 WG, Harrier 295 ZC and Harrier 295 ZC + Mistral 70 WG significantly increased the zinc content compared to the un weeded control and manual weeding. The highest iron concentration, on average 75.12 mg kg-1, was observed in seeds from unweeded plots. Significantly less iron accumulated in beans from plots weeded manually and by application of the herbicides Harrier 295 ZC and Harrier 295 ZC + Mistral 70 WG

Sulphur content analysis of Zamosc Region biosphere

W pracy dokonano oceny zawartości siarki w biosferze obszarów leśnych i rolniczych Zamojszczyzny w latach 2000–2011 na tle Polski. Najbardziej zanieczyszczone rejony w Polsce dwutlenkiem siarki to niektóre części województw śląskiego, dolnośląskiego, małopolskiego i mazowieckiego, w których kilka stref uzyskało klasę powyżej wartości dopuszczalnych lub docelowych. Analiza przeprowadzona na terenie Zamojszczyzny wykazała, że zawartość siarki nie przekraczała wartości dopuszczalnych określonych w uregulowaniach prawnych. Stwierdzono, że zawartość siarki w powietrzu wynosiła 2,1÷6,9 μgSO2/m3, natomiast siarczanów w rzekach 10,0÷76,7 gSO42–/m3, w źródłach 18,6÷24,2 gSO42–/m3, w wodach podziemnych 29,3÷166 gSO42–/m3, w glebach leśnych 8,5÷77,7 mgSO42–/kg, w glebach rolniczych 8,1÷18,8 mgSO42–/kg, w mchach 610÷1090 mgSO42–/kg oraz w roślinach rolniczych 1210÷1370 mgSO42–/kg. Ocena stopnia zanieczyszczenia siarką atmosfery, litosfery i hydrosfery oraz fitocenozy Zamojszczyzny jest bardzo korzystna na tle innych regionów w Polsce i z tego względu w badaniach stanu zanieczyszczenia biosfery można ją traktować jako region kontrolny.The study assessed sulphur content in the biosphere of forested and agricultural areas of Zamosc region in the period 2000–2011, against the entire territory of Poland. Some areas of Silesian, Lower Silesian, Lesser Poland and Masovian Voivodships are the most polluted with sulphur dioxide regions in Poland. Several zones there were classed as exceeding acceptable or target levels. The analysis of Zamosc Region demonstrated that the sulphur content did not exceed the acceptable limits outlined in legal guidelines. Sulphur content in the air was confirmed at the level of 2.1÷6.9 μgSO2/m3, while sulfate content in the rivers – at the level of 10.0÷76.7 gSO42–/m3, in springs – 18.6÷24.2 gSO42–/m3, in groundwater – 9.3÷166 gSO42–/m3, in forest soils – 8.5÷77.7 mgSO42–/kg, in agricultural soils – 8.1÷18.8 mgSO42–/kg, in mosses – 610÷1090 mgSO42–/kg and in cultivar plants – 1210÷1370 mgSO42–/kg. Assessment results of the levels of atmosphere, lithosphere, hydrosphere and phytocenosis pollution with sulphur in Zamosc Region are very favorable in comparison to other regions of Poland. Therefore, it may serve as a control region in biosphere pollution studies

Content of zinc and iron in common bean seeds (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) in different weed control methods

A field experiment was conducted in 2010-2012 on a private farm located in the village of Frankamionka in the administrative district (powiat) of Zamość, on brown soil with slightly acidic pH, and the average abundance of zinc and iron. The experiment was set up in a random split-plot design with four replications, with seven methods for controlling weed infestation: 1) no weeding control, 2) hand weeding control, 3) linuron (Afalon dyspersyjny 450 SC), 4) linuron + metribuzin (Afalon dyspersyjny 450 SC + Mistral 70 WG), 5) linuron + chlomazone (Harrier 295 ZC), 6) linuron + chlomazone + metribuzin (Harrier 295 ZC + Mistral 70 WG), 7) bentazon (Basagran 480 SL twice). The objective of the study was to determine the effect of weeding control methods on the content of iron and zinc in the seeds of cv. Jaś Karłowy common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.). The highest seed yield, on average 29.39 dt ha-1, was obtained on the plots where weeds were controlled by the application of the herbicides Harrier 295 ZC + Mistral 20 WG just after sowing. The lowest seed yield was harvested on unweeded plots – 6.77 dt ha-1 on average. Statistical analysis showed a significant effect of the weed control methods and the weather conditions in growing seasons on the content of iron and zinc in bean seeds. The lowest amount of zinc, an average of 36.11 mg kg-1, was found in beans from unweeded plots. The use of the herbicides Afalon dyspersyjny 450 SC + Mistral 70 WG, Harrier 295 ZC and Harrier 295 ZC + Mistral 70 WG significantly increased the zinc content compared to the un weeded control and manual weeding. The highest iron concentration, on average 75.12 mg kg-1, was observed in seeds from unweeded plots. Significantly less iron accumulated in beans from plots weeded manually and by application of the herbicides Harrier 295 ZC and Harrier 295 ZC + Mistral 70 WG

The influence of sulphur on phosphorus and potassium content in potato tubers (Solanum tuberosum L.)

The objective of the study was to investigate the impact of sulphur application on the content (g kg-1) and uptake (kg ha-1) of phosphorus and potassium with the yield of potato tubers. In 2004-2006, a field experiment on potato was conducted, in which S was applied in different forms (elemental and K2SO4) and doses (0, 25 and 50 kg ha-1). The content and uptake of P and K in the dry mass of potato tubers was significantly increased by sulphur. The application of sulphur increased the P content and uptake irrespective of the S dose, but elemental S proved more effective. The K content was the highest when sulphate was applied at 50 kg S ha-1. The K uptake by tubers was significantly increased by both of the applied doses versus the control plots. The tuber yield depended substantially on the rate of S fertilizer. Sulphur applied as sulphate increased the content of SO4-S in the soil. The application of elemental S in a dose of 50 kg ha-1 decreased the soil pH. The soil content of total C was dependent on each dose and form of the applied sulphur. The content of SO4-S and total C in the soil positively correlated with the P content and uptake by potato tubers. A negative correlation was found between the pH value and content and uptake of P by potato tubers. No correlation was found between K and soil parameters, but a positive correlation was found between the P and K uptake by tubers and between the P and K uptake versus tuber yield

Effect of sulphur and nitrogen fertilization on the selenium content and uptake by grain of spring wheat

The aim of the study was to evaluate the effect of nitrogen (N) and sulphur (S) fertilizer on the selenium content and selenium (Se) uptake in grain DM of spring wheat. A field experiment (2009-2011) was conducted on Cambisols (WRB 2007) in south-eastern Poland. The experiment included 2 variables: N fertilization (0, 40, 80, and 120 kg ha-1) and S fertilization (0 and 50 kg ha-1). The experiment showed a positive effect of nitrogen and sulphur fertilization on grain yield of spring wheat cv. Tybalt, with the highest yield obtained after the application of 80 kg N ha-1 (5.40 t ha-1) and 120 kg N ha-1 (5.59 t ha-1), which resulted in an average increase of 1.42 t ha-1 (34.7%) with respect to the control. S fertilization increased grain yield by 3.58%. the mean selenium content in the spring wheat grain was 0.085 mg kg-1 and the selenium uptake equalled 0.419 g ha-1. The selenium content and uptake by grain DM increased significantly following the application of N at doses of 40 and 80 kg ha-1: the content rose by 19.1% and 36.8%, respectively, and the uptake was 24.4% and 84.7% higher than in the control. Following the application of the nitrogen dose of 120 kg ha-1 no further statistically significant increase in the content and uptake of selenium in comparison with the application of the nitrogen dose of 80 kg ha-1. The content of selenium and uptake of selenium by the grain following the application of sulphur at a dose of 50 kg ha-1 increased by 20.8% and 25.3%, respectively, in comparison with the control. A positive correlation was found between the content of selenium in grain and the selenium uptake by grain DM (r = 0.947)

The influence of sulphur on phosphorus and potassium content in potato tubers (Solanum tuberosum L.)

The objective of the study was to investigate the impact of sulphur application on the content (g kg-1) and uptake (kg ha-1) of phosphorus and potassium with the yield of potato tubers. In 2004-2006, a field experiment on potato was conducted, in which S was applied in different forms (elemental and K2SO4) and doses (0, 25 and 50 kg ha-1). The content and uptake of P and K in the dry mass of potato tubers was significantly increased by sulphur. The application of sulphur increased the P content and uptake irrespective of the S dose, but elemental S proved more effective. The K content was the highest when sulphate was applied at 50 kg S ha-1. The K uptake by tubers was significantly increased by both of the applied doses versus the control plots. The tuber yield depended substantially on the rate of S fertilizer. Sulphur applied as sulphate increased the content of SO4-S in the soil. The application of elemental S in a dose of 50 kg ha-1 decreased the soil pH. The soil content of total C was dependent on each dose and form of the applied sulphur. The content of SO4-S and total C in the soil positively correlated with the P content and uptake by potato tubers. A negative correlation was found between the pH value and content and uptake of P by potato tubers. No correlation was found between K and soil parameters, but a positive correlation was found between the P and K uptake by tubers and between the P and K uptake versus tuber yield