GENDER DIFFERENCES IN VERTICAL GROUND REACTION FORCE ATTENUATION DURING STOP-JUMP TASK

The purpose of this study was to examine gender differences in peak vertical ground reaction forces (VGRF) and rate of loading (ROL) during stop-jump task. Forty four healthy students from kinesiology department (22 males and 22 females) volunteered in this study. Subjects performed stop-jump task on the force plate and Peak VGRF and ROL calculated using GRF data. To evaluate differences in peak VGRF and ROL between two groups Multivariate analysis of Variance at the P level of 0.05 used. Differences in ROL was significant between two groups (F1,41=5.63, Wilks’ Lambda = 0.37, ) but differences in Peak VGRF was not significant (F1,42 = 2.82, ). Based on our results, Increase in ROL during impact of landing can increase knee loading and consequently create higher incidence of ACL injuries among females compare to males

GENDER DIFFERENCES IN VERTICAL GROUND REACTION FORCE ATTENUATION DURING STOP-JUMP TASK

The purpose of this study was to examine gender differences in peak vertical ground reaction forces (VGRF) and rate of loading (ROL) during stop-jump task. Forty four healthy students from kinesiology department (22 males and 22 females) volunteered in this study. Subjects performed stop-jump task on the force plate and Peak VGRF and ROL calculated using GRF data. To evaluate differences in peak VGRF and ROL between two groups Multivariate analysis of Variance at the P level of 0.05 used. Differences in ROL was significant between two groups (F1,41=5.63, Wilks’ Lambda = 0.37, ) but differences in Peak VGRF was not significant (F1,42 = 2.82, ). Based on our results, Increase in ROL during impact of landing can increase knee loading and consequently create higher incidence of ACL injuries among females compare to males

GROUND REACTION FORCES ATTENUATION IN SUPINATED AND PRONATED FOOT DURING SINGLE LEG DROP- LANDING

The purpose of this study was to compare the GRF attenuation between normal, supinated and pronated foot during single leg drop-landing. 30 healthy male students from kinesiology department participated in this study. Subjects were assigned to three groups by navicular drop test and performed single leg drop-landing on the force plate from the box with height of 30 Cm. peak VGRF and ROL calculated using GRF data. To evaluate differences in peak VGRF and ROL between three groups MANOVA at the P level of 0.05 used. Differences in ROL was significant between three groups (F2, 22=15.553, Wilks’ Lambda = 0.370,) but differences in Peak VGRF was not significant (F2, 22 = 2.632, ). These results suggest that supinated foot is associated with specific lower extremity kinetics. Differences in these parameters may subsequently lead to differences in injury patterns in supinated foot in athletes

Efectos de los coadyuvantes tecnológicos y técnicas sobre la extractabilidad e índices de calidad del aceite de oliva

This study was conducted to investigate the effects of processing aids and techniques such as talcum powder (2% w/w), calcium carbonate (2% w/w), warm water dipping (45 °C), combined treatment (warm water dipping+2% calcium carbonate) and control (without adding processing aid) on extractability and quality of ‘Tarom 7’ olive oil as randomized complete block design with three replicates. The results showed that there were no significant differences in the carotenoid content, K232, fatty acid profile or the Cox’s value in the oil obtained from untreated and treated fruits with processing aids. The highest chlorophyll content (0.84 mg/kg), total phenolic content (236.94 mg/kg), paste extractability (8.5%) and the lowest peroxide values (0.32 meqO2/kg), K270 (0.38) were obtained from the oil extracted with 2% talc powder. According to the results, it can be suggested that the 2% talc powder treatment could have a positive effect on olive oil quality and paste extractability.Este estudio se llevó a cabo para investigar los efectos de los coadyuvantes del procesamiento y técnicas, como talco (2 % p/p), carbonato de calcio (2 % p/p), inmersión en agua tibia (45 °C), tratamiento combinado (inmersión en agua tibia + carbonato de calcio al 2%) y control (sin adición de coadyuvante) sobre la extractabilidad y calidad del aceite de oliva ‘Tarom 7’ en un diseño de bloques completos al azar con tres repeticiones. Los resultados mostraron que no hubo diferencias significativas en el contenido de carotenoides, K232, perfil de ácidos grasos y el valor de Cox del aceite obtenido de frutos no tratados y tratados con coadyuvantes de procesamiento. El mayor contenido de clorofila (0,84 mg/kg), contenido de fenoles totales (236,94 mg/kg), extractabilidad de la pasta (8,5%) y los valores más bajos de peróxidos (0,32 meqO2/kg) y K270 (0,38) se obtuvieron para el aceite extraído con 2 % de talco. De acuerdo con los resultados, se puede sugerir que el tratamiento con talco al 2% podría tener un efecto positivo sobre la calidad del aceite de oliva y la extractabilidad de la pasta. &nbsp

Effect of plant growth regulators on two different types of eggplant flowers regarding style length and fruit setting

Aim of study: (i) to explore differences between eggplant flowers capable of setting fruit including long (LGs) and medium style flowers (MEs) and those which suffer from severe problems with fertility and fruit setting including short style ones (SRTs); (ii) to study the effect of plant growth regulators on floral morphology and fruit setting. Area of study: Isfahan University of Technology, Isfahan, Iran, 2017 and 2018. Material and methods: First the floral morphology and initial fruit setting of 13 eggplant genotypes from Iran were investigated. Then the differences between LGs and SRTs of two genotypes were explored. Finally, the effect of 1-naphthaleneacetic acid (NAA) and spermidine (Spd) on floral morphology and initial and final fruit setting of these two genotypes was determined. Main results: Results showed SRTs were not capable of fruit setting. Compared to SRTs, LGs had larger central canals, higher protein, total sugar, reducing sugar and K concentrations, as well as longer polar axis and pollen tubes and greater pollen viability. Although 1.5 mM Spd and 20 mg L-1 NAA resulted in increasing of LGs and MEs, and also total initial fruit set, surprisingly, no significant differences were observed in the final yield and final fruit set between the control and these treatments. Researching highlights: Since the rate of fruit dropping was higher in those treatments compared to the control, plants with more SRTs likely regulate their final load by abscising their flowers, and plants with more LGs regulate them by abscising their fruits

Effects of Two-Way Turbulence Interaction on the Evaporating Fuel Sprays

This article discusses the importance of using different turbulence modulation models in simulation of evaporating sprays. An in-house CFD code has been modified to take into account the effect of considering turbulence modulation by standard or consistent models. These models may predict an augmentation (consistent model) or a reduction (standard model) in the turbulence kinetic energy of continuous phase. Calculations are done in a Eulerian-Lagrangian framework and the effect of injected droplets on turbulent kinetic energy and its rate of dissipation is included in the equations of the continuous phase. Results are shown to be valid by comparing them to Sandia spray A configuration experimental data. Results show that considering the effect of existing droplets in a turbulent combustion chamber can play a major role in having a more accurate CFD simulation. These models can alter the velocity field drastically when droplets are injected into the chamber with a high velocity. As a result, spray characteristics such as evaporation rate is also altered. It can be concluded that modulation models should be used in the simulation of evaporating sprays in order to attain more accurate and realistic results

Energy conditions in f(R) gravity and Brans-Dicke theories

The equivalence between f(R) gravity and scalar-tensor theories is invoked to study the null, strong, weak and dominant energy conditions in Brans-Dicke theory. We consider the validity of the energy conditions in Brans-Dicke theory by invoking the energy conditions derived from a generic f(R) theory. The parameters involved are shown to be consistent with an accelerated expanding universe.Comment: 9 pages, 1 figure, to appear in IJMP

EVALUATION OF GEOMORPHOLOGIC INSTANTANEOUS UNIT HYDROGRAPH METHOD IN FLOOD HYDROGRAPH SIMULATION

Comparing with other models, the geomorphologic and geomorphoclimatic hydrographs are the most efficient methods to estimate flood discharge

Evaluation of dietary supplements of Pediococcus acidilactici bacteria and Agaricus bisporus mushroom powder on skin mucus immune indices of common carp (Cyprinus carpio) exposed to silver nano-particles

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of dietary supplements of Pediococcus acidilactici bacteria and Agaricus bisporus mushroom powder separate and combined (combined supplement) on the skin mucosal immune indices of common carp (Cyprinus carpio) in exposure to silver nano-particles. For this purpose, 180 fish with mean weight 29.6±0.4 g were fed in four treatments: bacteria (1 g/kg of diet), mushroom powder (10 g/kg of diet), combined bacteria and mushroom powder (1 and 10 g/kg of bacteria and mushroom) supplements and control (nutritionally non-supplemented) treatments and each treatment with 3 replicate (15 fish per replicate) for 60 days. After the end of the feeding period, the fish were exposed to sub-acute concentration of nano-silver (1 mg/l) for 14 days. Sampling of skin mucosa was performed to evaluate the immune-related parameters on days 1, 7 and 14 (5 sampling per replicate). Results showed that activity of lysozyme, alkaline phosphatase enzymes, soluble protein and total immunoglobulin in diets containing dietary supplements had a significant difference in nano exposed groups with control treatments (p<0.05) and had the highest amount on day 14. Also, although the control treatment had a 14-days incremental trend, it had the lowest levels than dietary supplement treatments. Combined food supplements, bacteria and mushroom powder showed the highest effects on mucosal immune parameters in exposure to nano-silver respectively