From Bio-waste to Bone Substitute: Synthesis of Biomimetic Hydroxyapatite and Its Use in Chitosan-based Composite Scaffold Preparation

Nanocomposite structure of the bone can be mimicked by chitosan/hydroxyapatite (CS/HAp) composite scaffold. Biological hydroxyapatite (HAp) contains various ions, which have a crucial role in bone growth. The aim of the present work was to synthesize biomimetic hydroxyapatite and prepare composite scaffolds based on chitosan, where HAp was synthesised from hen eggshells, seashells and cuttlefish bone. The powders were composed of nano-structured calcium deficient HAp and amorphous calcium phosphate (ACP). In the as-prepared powders, Sr2+, Mg2+ and Na+ ions were detected as a result of using biogenic precursor of Ca2+ ions. Highly porous CS/HAp structures have been prepared by freeze-gelation technique. The CS/HAp scaffolds have shown highly porous structure with very well interconnected pores and homogeneously dispersed HAp particles. The MTT assay of CS/HAp scaffolds has shown no toxicity, and the live/dead assay has confirmed good viability and proliferation of seeded cells. This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License

Quantitative estimators of structure in chosen stands of common oak and hornbeam (Carpino betuli – Quercetum roboris Anić 1959 / em. Rauš 1969)

Gospodarenje šumom podrazumijeva zahvate koji utječu na prostornu strukturu, odnosno raspored stabala, kao i na raznolikost vrsta unutar sastojine. Bioraznolikost i prostorna struktura opisuje se najčešće kvalitativno opisima ili kvantitativno indeksima bioraznolikosti i prostorne strukture razvijenim u tu svrhu. Cilj ovog rada je na pokusnim plohama u sastojinama hrasta lužnjaka i običnoga graba (Carpino betuli – Quercetum roboris, Anić 1959 / emend. Rauš 1969.) analizirati strukturu pomoću BWINPro programa za analizu i prognozu rasta šumskih sastojina. Kvantitativni elementi strukture opisani su indeksima raznolikosti vrsta (bogatstva vrsta, Shannonov i standardizirani Shannonov) i njihove prostorne strukture (Clark & Evansov indeks agregacije, Pielou indeks segregacije vrsta).Forest management implies activities that affect spatial structure and distribution of trees as well as the diversity of forest tree species within the stand. Biodiversity and spatial structure are commonly described with qualitative descriptions or quantitatively indexes (estimators) of biodiversity or spatial structure developed for this purpose. Aim of this work is to quantitatively analyse species and spatial structures on plots in mixed stands of Common oak and Hornbeam using BWINPro program for analysis and prognosis of forest stands. Elements of structure were quantified with indexes of species composition (species diversity, Shannon index, Evenness) and of spatial distributions (Clark & Evans index of aggregation, Pielou index of segregation)

Quantitative estimators of structure in chosen stands of common oak and hornbeam (Carpino betuli – Quercetum roboris Anić 1959 / em. Rauš 1969)

Gospodarenje šumom podrazumijeva zahvate koji utječu na prostornu strukturu, odnosno raspored stabala, kao i na raznolikost vrsta unutar sastojine. Bioraznolikost i prostorna struktura opisuje se najčešće kvalitativno opisima ili kvantitativno indeksima bioraznolikosti i prostorne strukture razvijenim u tu svrhu. Cilj ovog rada je na pokusnim plohama u sastojinama hrasta lužnjaka i običnoga graba (Carpino betuli – Quercetum roboris, Anić 1959 / emend. Rauš 1969.) analizirati strukturu pomoću BWINPro programa za analizu i prognozu rasta šumskih sastojina. Kvantitativni elementi strukture opisani su indeksima raznolikosti vrsta (bogatstva vrsta, Shannonov i standardizirani Shannonov) i njihove prostorne strukture (Clark & Evansov indeks agregacije, Pielou indeks segregacije vrsta).Forest management implies activities that affect spatial structure and distribution of trees as well as the diversity of forest tree species within the stand. Biodiversity and spatial structure are commonly described with qualitative descriptions or quantitatively indexes (estimators) of biodiversity or spatial structure developed for this purpose. Aim of this work is to quantitatively analyse species and spatial structures on plots in mixed stands of Common oak and Hornbeam using BWINPro program for analysis and prognosis of forest stands. Elements of structure were quantified with indexes of species composition (species diversity, Shannon index, Evenness) and of spatial distributions (Clark & Evans index of aggregation, Pielou index of segregation)

Quantitative estimators of structure in chosen stands of common oak and hornbeam (Carpino betuli – Quercetum roboris Anić 1959 / em. Rauš 1969)

Gospodarenje šumom podrazumijeva zahvate koji utječu na prostornu strukturu, odnosno raspored stabala, kao i na raznolikost vrsta unutar sastojine. Bioraznolikost i prostorna struktura opisuje se najčešće kvalitativno opisima ili kvantitativno indeksima bioraznolikosti i prostorne strukture razvijenim u tu svrhu. Cilj ovog rada je na pokusnim plohama u sastojinama hrasta lužnjaka i običnoga graba (Carpino betuli – Quercetum roboris, Anić 1959 / emend. Rauš 1969.) analizirati strukturu pomoću BWINPro programa za analizu i prognozu rasta šumskih sastojina. Kvantitativni elementi strukture opisani su indeksima raznolikosti vrsta (bogatstva vrsta, Shannonov i standardizirani Shannonov) i njihove prostorne strukture (Clark & Evansov indeks agregacije, Pielou indeks segregacije vrsta).Forest management implies activities that affect spatial structure and distribution of trees as well as the diversity of forest tree species within the stand. Biodiversity and spatial structure are commonly described with qualitative descriptions or quantitatively indexes (estimators) of biodiversity or spatial structure developed for this purpose. Aim of this work is to quantitatively analyse species and spatial structures on plots in mixed stands of Common oak and Hornbeam using BWINPro program for analysis and prognosis of forest stands. Elements of structure were quantified with indexes of species composition (species diversity, Shannon index, Evenness) and of spatial distributions (Clark & Evans index of aggregation, Pielou index of segregation)

GROWTH AND DEVELOPMENT DYNAMICS OF TERMINAL SPROUT IN PROVENANCE TRIALS OF SILVER FIR (ABIES ALBA MILL.) OF PLANTS IN CROATIA

Jedna od najvrijednijih vrsta četinjača u Hrvatskoj je obična jela (Abies alba Mill.) koja zajedno s bukvom i smrekom raste na približno 150 000 ha šuma Like i Gorskoga Kotara na kojima se preborno gospodari. Prva istraživanja uspijevanja različitih provenijencija obične jele u Hrvatskoj započela su sakupljanjem sjemena u jesen 1994. godine. Sakupljeni su uzorci sjemena iz 18 priznatih i izabranih sjemenskih sastojina u Hrvatskoj i u dvije slovenske sjemenske sastojine, te je osnovan rani test provenijencija u rasadniku šumarskog instituta, Jastrebarsko. U svrhu daljnjih istraživanja na području Uprave šuma Podružnica Delnice, Šumarija Fužine, lokalitet Brloško, tijekom 2000. godine i u rasadniku Instituta 2001. godine osnovani su poljski pokusi. U radu su prikazani rezultati istraživanja rasta terminalnog izbojka biljaka starosti osam godina. Prosječni prirast biljaka u pokusu "A-polje" u 2002. iznosio je 45,1 mm, a na pokusu provenijencija "Brloško" 156,8 mm. Analizom varijance utvrđeno je postojanje statistički značajnih razlika između provenijencija u dinamici njihova rasta.One of the most valuable conifer tree species in Croatia is Silver fir (Abies alba Mill.). Growing mostly in Lika and Gorski kotar region in pure or mixed with beech and spruce stands it covers area of approximately 150 000 ha, managed using tree selection system. First research on growth of different provenances of silver fir in Croatia begun with seed collection in the autumn of 1994. Collected were seeds from 18 Recognized Seed Stands in Croatia and two from Slovenia and an early provenance test was established in the nursery of Forest Research Institute. Further research involved establishment of field trial in the year 2000 at the locality Brloško on the territory of Forest Management Unit Delnice, Forestry Office Fužine, and in the year 2001 on the Forest Research Institute in Jastrebarsko. In this paper we present results of the research of growth of terminal sprout on fir seedlings aged eight years. Average height increment in the year 2002 for the plants in "A-Field" provenance trial was 45.1 mm, while for the provenance trial "Brloško" average height increment amounted to 156.8 mm. Analysis of variance showed that statistically significant difference exists in growth dynamics of different provenances

Genealogical Structuring of a Population

The study observed population of 484 generation restrictive genealogies collected in four Croatian regions during 1970/71 within »The study of fat and carbohydrate metabolism indicators correlated with the occurrence of diabetes in animal fat and oil consuming population groups«. The genealogies were collected on two islands (Bra~ and Hvar) and in two continental regions (Sinjska Krajina and Srijem). Genealogy Structure Index (GSI) was defined as quantitative indicator of genealogy structure. GSI was continuos variable which, by its extreme, describes vertical and horizontal type of genealogy structure, independently of the way genealogies were collected. Genealogy structure of surveyed population was described on the basis of participation of different genealogy types. Populations of the island Hvar and Bra~ showed to have horizontal genealogy type, continental population of Sinjska Krajina showed to have mixed type and continental population of Srijem showed to have vertical type of genealogy structure