Construction of a topological charge on fuzzy S^2 x S^2 via Ginsparg-Wilson relation

We construct a topological charge of gauge field configurations on a fuzzy S^2xS^2 by using a Dirac operator satisfying the Ginsparg-Wilson relation. The topological charge defined on the fuzzy S^2xS^2 can be interpreted as a noncommutative (or matrix) generalization of the 2nd Chern character on S^2xS^2. We further calculate the number of chiral zero modes of the Dirac operator in topologically nontrivial gauge configurations. Generalizations of our formulation to fuzzy (S^2)^k are also discussed.Comment: 30 pages, typo corrected, version published in Phys.Rev.

Hawking Radiation of Black p-Branes from Gravitational Anomaly

We investigate the Hawking radiation of black $p$-branes of superstring theories using the method of anomaly cancelation, specially, we use the method of [S. Iso, H. Umetsu and F. Wilczek, {\sl Phys. Rev. Lett.} {\bf 96}, 151302 (2006); {\sl Phys. Rev. D} {\bf 74}, 044017 (2006)]. The metrics of black $p$-branes are spherically symmetric, but not the Schwarzschild type. In order to simplify the calculation, we first make a coordinate transformation to transform the metric to the Schwarzschild type. Then we calculate its energy-momentum flux from the method of anomaly cancelation of the above mentioned references. The obtained energy-momentum flux is equal to a black body radiation, the thermodynamic temperature of the radiation is equal to its Hawking temperature. And we find that the results are not changed for the original non-Schwarzschild type spherically symmetric metric.Comment: 19 pages Latex, some mistakes correcte

Ginsparg-Wilson Dirac operator in the monopole backgrounds on the fuzzy 2-sphere

In the previous papers, we studied the 't Hooft-Polyakov (TP) monopole configurations in the U(2) gauge theory on the fuzzy 2-sphere,and showed that they have nonzero topological charge in the formalism based on the Ginsparg-Wilson (GW) relation. In this paper, we will show an index theorem in the TP monopole background, which is defined in the projected space, and provide a meaning of the projection operator. We also extend the index theorem to general configurations which do not satisfy the equation of motion, and show that the configuration space can be classified into the topological sectors. We further calculate the spectrum of the GW Dirac operator in the TP monopole backgrounds, and consider the index theorem in these cases.Comment: Latex2e, 37 pages, 3 figure

Tobacco Control Measures to Reduce Socioeconomic Inequality in Smoking: The Necessity, Time-Course Perspective, and Future Implications

Previous systematic reviews of population-level tobacco control interventions and their effects on smoking inequality by socioeconomic factors concluded that tobacco taxation reduce smoking inequality by income (although this is not consistent for other socioeconomic factors, such as education). Inconsistent results have been reported for socioeconomic differences, especially for other tobacco control measures, such as smoke-free policies and anti-tobacco media campaigns. To understand smoking inequality itself and to develop strategies to reduce smoking inequality, knowledge of the underlying principles or mechanisms of the inequality over a long time-course may be important. For example, the inverse equity hypothesis recognizes that inequality may evolve in stages. New population-based interventions are initially primarily accessed by the affluent and well-educated, so there is an initial increase in socioeconomic inequality (early stage). These inequalities narrow when the deprived population can access the intervention after the affluent have gained maximum benefit (late stage). Following this hypothesis, all tobacco control measures may have the potential to reduce smoking inequality, if they continue for a long term, covering and reaching all socioeconomic subgroups. Re-evaluation of the impact of the interventions on smoking inequality using a long time-course perspective may lead to a favorable next step in equity effectiveness. Tackling socioeconomic inequality in smoking may be a key public health target for the reduction of inequality in health

Chern-Simons matrix model: coherent states and relation to Laughlin wavefunctions

Using a coherent state representation we derive many-body probability distributions and wavefunctions for the Chern-Simons matrix model proposed by Polychronakos and compare them to the Laughlin ones. We analyze two different coherent state representations, corresponding to different choices for electron coordinate bases. In both cases we find that the resulting probability distributions do not quite agree with the Laughlin ones. There is agreement on the long distance behavior, but the short distance behavior is different.Comment: 15 pages, LaTeX; one reference added, abstract and section 5 expanded, typos correcte

Development of satiating and palatable high-protein meat products by using experimental design in food technology

Background and objectives: Foods high in protein are known to satiate more fully than foods high in other constituents. One challenge with these types of food is the degree of palatability. This study was aimed at developing the frankfurter style of sausages that would regulate food intake as well as being the preferred food choice of the consumer. Design and measures: 16 sausage varieties with commercial (PE% 20) or higher amount of protein (PE% 40), being modified with vegetable fat (3% of rapeseed oil), and smoked or not, underwent a sensory descriptive analysis, in which the information was used to choose a subsample of four sausages for a satiety test. Twenty-seven subjects were recruited based on liking and frequency of sausage consumption. The participants ranged in age from 20 to 28, and in body mass index (BMI) between 19.6 and 30.9. The students were served a sausage meal for five consecutive days and then filled out a questionnaire to describe their feelings of hunger, satiety, fullness, desire to eat an their prospective consumption on a visual analogue scale (VAS) starting from right before, right after the meal, every half hour for 4 h until the next meal was served, and right after the second meal. Results and conclusion: The higher protein sausages were less juicy, oily, fatty, adhesive, but harder and more granular than with lower amount of protein. The high-protein sausages were perceived as more satiating the first 90 min after the first meal. Some indication of satiety effect of added oil versus meat fat. No significant differences in liking among the four sausage varieties