Development of a low-cost, electricity-generating Rankine cycle, alcohol-fuelled cooking stove for rural communities

This article describes a novel design and construction of a helical tube flash boiler that uses a 2kW nominal methylated spirit burner to heat an approximately 2.5m long coil of copper pipe fed by a nominal 8 bar electrically operated solenoid water pump. The final embodiment is for superheated steam to be converted to electricity and the waste exit heat from the generator used either for cooking or for ethanol pro duction for low-income families in developing countries. The performance of the flash boiler has been evaluated experimentally based on the well-known “Direct-Method”; by carefully measuring both the flow of the fuel and the steam. It found that the pressure inside the pipe can reach up to 7.4 bar and the temperature of the steam released by the flashing process can reach 255°C utilising a low-cost water pump. The research results prese nted in this paper demonstrate that flash boiler stove has a great potential for generating high-temperature steam for developing a low-cost cooking stove

St. Augustine\u27s Fallout from the Yamasee War

Between 1702 and 1705, Englishmen from South Carolina and their Indian allies destroyed all the surviving missions in Spanish Florida from Apalachee to Amelia Island. A remnant Guale population drawn from at least fifteen settlements of coastal Georgia had taken refuge in the 1680s at three mission sites on Amelia Island. In 1702, James Moore, governor at Charles Town, captured and burned St. Augustine. Only the town’s castillo and the refugees it housed survived Moore’s assault. Renewed English and Indian attacks against the inland missions in 1704 and 1705 brought new waves of native refugees to St. Augustine. The greatest influx, however, began in 1715 in the wake of the general uprising among the native inhabitants of South Carolina known as the Yamasee War. Paradoxically, many who came in flight from the failed rebellion had played prominent roles in the destruction of the Florida missions. The influx led to a significant reorganization and the expansion of the native settlements that had appeared in the period 1704-1711 to accommodate refugees from the destroyed missions

Twilight of the Mocamo and Guale Aborigines as Portrayed in the 1695 Spanish Visitation

The natives of Mocamo and Guale on the coasts of Georgia and northern Florida were the first with whom the French and then the Spaniards established steady contact in the 1560s and among the first to be missionized. Yet, as scholars have remarked, surprisingly little is known about these people during the historic period either archaeologically or historically. Only for the years 1597-1606 are there detailed published accounts of events in the Guale and Mocamo missions in the works of John Tate Lanning, Maynard Geiger, OFM, and Manuel Serrano y Sanz, and in Kathleen Deagan’s chapter on the eastern Timucua in Tacachale. From 1606 until the 1702 destruction of the remnant of the coastal missions by English and native forces from South Carolina, only fragmentary details about developments in those missions are available. A potentially rich source for the end of this period, the record of the 1695 visitation conducted by Captain Juan de Pueyo, appears to have received little attention to date. The present article provides some of the information contained in that document and conclusions that can be drawn from it and from other pertinent sources

Historic Notes and Documents: Evidence Pertinent to the Florida Cabildo Controversy and the Misdating of the Juan Marquez Cabrera Governorship

Before 1764, did Spanish Florida possess the traditional municipal in titution known the cabildo? Since the 1964 publication of John Jay TePask\u27s The Governorship of Spanish Florida, 1700-1763, the more common opinion among authorities on Colonial Florida is that St. Augustine housed the cabildo only from the time of Pedro Menendez de Avile\u27s founding of the city in 1565 until about 1570 when most of his fellow migrants left the colony.1 Paul E. Hoffman and Eugene Lyon took a similar stand in 1969, arguing that because St. Augustine lacked a cabildo in the mid-sixteenth century, the governor could not comply with the Crown\u27s requirement of a yearly audit of accounts by availing himself of the laws that allowed him to audit the royal books with the aid of two regidores and a notary. 2 Amy Bushnell challenged that conventional wisdom a dozen years later in The King\u27s Coffer, maintaining that the cabildo survived in Florida long after the time of Pedro Menendez and presenting as her most detailed evidence the administration of Juan Marquez Cabrera.3 In a more recent work, David J. Weber reaffirmed the older position, highlighting the cabildo\u27s tendency to fall into disuse in frontier communities like St. Augustin in which governors and their subalterns were military officers

Political Leadership Among the Natives of Spanish Florida

When the first Europeans arrived off Florida’s coasts the land was not uninhabited virgin territory but was occupied by many distinct peoples organized into flourishing, complex, chiefdom-level societies of a non-egalitarian nature. Those societies included the Calusa of the Gulf coast from the Charlotte Harbor area southward to the tip of the Florida peninsula; Tocobaga and others who occupied the shores of Tampa Bay and their hinterland; Ais of the Indian River area and its hinterland; various autonomous Timucua-speaking groups of south Georgia and north Florida from the east coast westward to the Aucilla, Withlacoochee, and Oklawaha rivers; Apalachee whose domain extended from the Aucilla to just beyond the Ochlockonee River; Guale of coastal Georgia from the Altamaha River northward; and the Escamacu-Orista and Cayagua along the South Carolina coast from the Savannah River north to the Charleston region

Cloak and Dagger in Apalachicole Province in Early 1686

Stories of espionage awake a certain interest by their very nature. The ones presented here provide the bonus of valuable insights into life in Apalachee and along the Chattahoochee River in 1685-86 in the wake of the arrivial of the first Englishmen in the settlements on that river. It was a turning point in the history of the peoples of those two regions. The spies were Yamasee whom Apalachee\u27s deputy-governor left behind when he ended his second invasion of the Chattahoochee River towns early in 1686. Reports that British traders from the recently founded outpost of Charles Town were in the towns prompted the two sorties

The Influence of Heat Input Ratio on Electrical Power Output of a Dual-Core Travelling-Wave Thermoacoustic Engine

This paper presents an analytical and experimental investigation of an electricity generator that employs a two-stage looped tube travellin -wave thermoacoustic prime-mover to deliver acoustic power from heat energy, a loudspeaker to extract electricity from sound energy and a tuning stub to compensate the changes in the acoustic field within the engine to enable close to travelling wave operation at the loudspeaker. Furthermore, the paper explains how to enhance the output power utilizing different heat input ratios through the engine cores. A well-known thermoacoustic design tool called Delta EC is used to simulate the wave propagation through the different parts of the system. The electrical power predicted from the low-cost prototype was 24.4 W acoustic power which confirms the potential for developing low-cost thermoacoustic electricity generator for heat recov ery from low-grade heat sources. The electrical power can be increased to 31.3 W using different heating power percentages through the two units. The verified experimental data shows good agreement with DeltaEC results

Evaluation of Criminal Law Offices - Third Year

Report submitted to Legal Aid Ontario

Evaluation of Criminal Law Offices - Second Year

Report submitted to Legal Aid Ontario

Evaluation of Criminal Staff Offices - First Year

Report submitted to Legal Aid Ontario