485 research outputs found
Heat transport measurements in turbulent rotating Rayleigh-Benard convection
We present experimental heat transport measurements of turbulent
Rayleigh-B\'{e}nard convection with rotation about a vertical axis. The fluid,
water with Prandtl number () about 6, was confined in a cell which had
a square cross section of 7.3 cm7.3 cm and a height of 9.4 cm. Heat
transport was measured for Rayleigh numbers Ra and Taylor numbers Ta . We show the variation of
normalized heat transport, the Nusselt number, at fixed dimensional rotation
rate , at fixed Ra varying Ta, at fixed Ta varying Ra, and at fixed
Rossby number Ro. The scaling of heat transport in the range to about
is roughly 0.29 with a Ro dependent coefficient or equivalently is also
well fit by a combination of power laws of the form .
The range of Ra is not sufficient to differentiate single power law or combined
power law scaling. The overall impact of rotation on heat transport in
turbulent convection is assessed.Comment: 16 pages, 12 figure
Reconstruction of the urethra with a Surgisis® onlay patch in urethral reconstructive surgery: two case reports
This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Licens
Carbonation of Municipal Solid Waste Incineration Fly Ash and the Impact on Metal Mobility
UBC®Rapid Test for detection of carcinoma in situ for bladder cancer
UBC®Rapid Test is a test that detects fragments of cytokeratins 8 and 18 in
urine. We present results of a multicentre study measuring UBC®Rapid Test in
bladder cancer patients and healthy controls with focus on carcinoma in situ
(CIS) and high-grade bladder cancer. From our study with N = 452 patients, we
made a stratified sub-analysis for carcinoma in situ of the urinary bladder.
Clinical urine samples were used from 87 patients with tumours of the urinary
bladder (23 carcinoma in situ, 23 non-muscle-invasive low-grade tumours, 21
non-muscle-invasive high-grade tumours and 20 muscle-invasive high-grade
tumours) and from 22 healthy controls. The cut-off value was defined at 10.0
µg/L. Urine samples were analysed by the UBC®Rapid Test point-of-care system
(concile Omega 100 POC reader). Pathological levels of UBC Rapid Test in urine
are higher in patients with bladder cancer in comparison to the control group
(p < 0.001). Sensitivity was calculated at 86.9% for carcinoma in situ, 30.4%
for non-muscle-invasive low-grade bladder cancer, 71.4% for nonmuscle-invasive
high grade bladder cancer and 60% for muscle-invasive high-grade bladder
cancer, and specificity was 90.9%. The area under the curve of the
quantitative UBC®Rapid Test using the optimal threshold obtained by
receiveroperated curve analysis was 0.75. Pathological values of UBC®Rapid
Test in urine are higher in patients with high-grade bladder cancer in
comparison to low-grade tumours and the healthy control group. UBC®Rapid Test
has potential to be more sensitive and specific urinary protein biomarker for
accurate detection of high-grade patients and could be added especially in the
diagnostics for carcinoma in situ and non-muscle-invasive high-grade tumours
of urinary bladder cancer
Two scenarios for avalanche dynamics in inclined granular layers
We report experimental measurements of avalanche behavior of thin granular
layers on an inclined plane for low volume flow rate. The dynamical properties
of avalanches were quantitatively and qualitatively different for smooth glass
beads compared to irregular granular materials such as sand. Two scenarios for
granular avalanches on an incline are identified and a theoretical explanation
for these different scenarios is developed based on a depth-averaged approach
that takes into account the differing rheologies of the granular materials.Comment: 4 pages, 4 figures, accepted to Phys. Rev. Let
miR-199a-3p and miR-214-3p improve the overall survival prediction of muscle- invasive bladder cancer patients after radical cystectomy
To improve the clinical decision-making regarding further treatment management
and follow-up scheduling for patients with muscle-invasive bladder cancer
(MIBC) after radical cystectomy (RC), a better prediction accuracy of
prognosis for these patients is urgently needed. The objective of this study
was to evaluate the validity of differentially expressed microRNAs (miRNAs)
based on a previous study as prognostic markers for overall survival (OS)
after RC in models combined with clinicopathological data. The expression of
six miRNAs (miR-100-5p, miR-130b-3p, miR-141-3p, miR-199a-3p, miR-205-5p, and
miR-214-3p) was measured by RT-qPCR in formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded
tissue samples from 156 MIBC patients who received RC in three urological
centers. Samples from 2000 to 2013 were used according to their tissue
availability, with follow-up until June 2016. The patient cohort was randomly
divided into a training (n = 100) and test set (n = 56). Seventy-three samples
from adjacent normal tissue were used as controls. Kaplan–Meier, univariate
and multivariate Cox regression, and decision curve analyses were carried out
to assess the association of clinicopathological variables and miRNAs to OS.
Both increased (miR-130b-3p and miR-141-3p) and reduced (miR-100-5p, miR-199a-
3p, and miR-214-3p) miRNA expressions were found in MIBC samples in comparison
to nonmalignant tissue samples (P < 0.0001). miR-199a-3p and miR-214-3p were
independent markers of OS in Cox regression models with the significant
clinicopathological variables age, tumor status, and lymph node status. The
prediction model with the clinicopathological variables was improved by these
two miRNAs in both sets. The predictive benefit was confirmed by decision
curve analysis. In conclusion, the inclusion of both miRNAs into models based
on clinical data for the outcome prediction of MIBC patients after RC could be
a valuable approach to improve prognostic accuracy
Knots and Random Walks in Vibrated Granular Chains
We study experimentally statistical properties of the opening times of knots
in vertically vibrated granular chains. Our measurements are in good
qualitative and quantitative agreement with a theoretical model involving three
random walks interacting via hard core exclusion in one spatial dimension. In
particular, the knot survival probability follows a universal scaling function
which is independent of the chain length, with a corresponding diffusive
characteristic time scale. Both the large-exit-time and the small-exit-time
tails of the distribution are suppressed exponentially, and the corresponding
decay coefficients are in excellent agreement with the theoretical values.Comment: 4 pages, 5 figure
Frustration and Melting of Colloidal Molecular Crystals
Using numerical simulations we show that a variety of novel colloidal
crystalline states and multi-step melting phenomena occur on square and
triangular two-dimensional periodic substrates. At half-integer fillings
different kinds of frustration effects can be realized. A two-step melting
transition can occur in which individual colloidal molecules initially rotate,
destroying the overall orientational order, followed by the onset of interwell
colloidal hopping, in good agreement with recent experiments.Comment: 6 pages, 3 postscript figures. Procedings of International Conference
on Strongly Coupled Coulomb Systems, Santa Fe, 200
Entropic Tightening of Vibrated Chains
We investigate experimentally the distribution of configurations of a ring
with an elementary topological constraint, a ``figure-8'' twist. Using vibrated
granular chains, which permit controlled preparation and direct observation of
such a constraint, we show that configurations where one of the loops is tight
and the second is large are strongly preferred. This agrees with recent
predictions for equilibrium properties of topologically-constrained polymers.
However, the dynamics of the tightening process weakly violate detailed
balance, a signature of the nonequilibrium nature of this system.Comment: 4 pages, 4 figure
- …