1,244 research outputs found
Two-neutron knockout from neutron-deficient Ar, S, and Si
Two-neutron knockout reactions from nuclei in the proximity of the proton
dripline have been studied using intermediate-energy beams of neutron-deficient
Ar, S, and Si. The inclusive cross sections, and also the
partial cross sections for the population of individual bound final states of
the Ar, S and Si knockout residues, have been determined
using the combination of particle and -ray spectroscopy. Similar to the
two-proton knockout mechanism on the neutron-rich side of the nuclear chart,
these two-neutron removal reactions from already neutron-deficient nuclei are
also shown to be consistent with a direct reaction mechanism.Comment: Phys. Rev. C, rapid communication, in pres
Population of bound excited states in intermediate-energy fragmentation reactions
Fragmentation reactions with intermediate-energy heavy-ion beams exhibit a
wide range of reaction mechanisms, ranging from direct reactions to statistical
processes. We examine this transition by measuring the relative population of
excited states in several sd-shell nuclei produced by fragmentation with the
number of removed nucleons ranging from two to sixteen. The two-nucleon removal
is consistent with a non-dissipative process whereas the removal of more than
five nucleons appears to be mainly statistical.Comment: 5 pages, 6 figure
Optimizing end-labeled free-solution electrophoresis by increasing the hydrodynamic friction of the drag-tag
We study the electrophoretic separation of polyelectrolytes of varying
lengths by means of end-labeled free-solution electrophoresis (ELFSE). A
coarse-grained molecular dynamics simulation model, using full electrostatic
interactions and a mesoscopic Lattice Boltzmann fluid to account for
hydrodynamic interactions, is used to characterize the drag coefficients of
different label types: linear and branched polymeric labels, as well as
transiently bound micelles.
It is specifically shown that the label's drag coefficient is determined by
its hydrodynamic size, and that the drag per label monomer is largest for
linear labels. However, the addition of side chains to a linear label offers
the possibility to increase the hydrodynamic size, and therefore the label
efficiency, without having to increase the linear length of the label, thereby
simplifying synthesis. The third class of labels investigated, transiently
bound micelles, seems very promising for the usage in ELFSE, as they provide a
significant higher hydrodynamic drag than the other label types.
The results are compared to theoretical predictions, and we investigate how
the efficiency of the ELFSE method can be improved by using smartly designed
drag-tags.Comment: 32 pages, 11 figures, submitted to Macromolecule
Determination of the Axial-Vector Weak Coupling Constant with Ultracold Neutrons
A precise measurement of the neutron decay -asymmetry has been
carried out using polarized ultracold neutrons (UCN) from the pulsed spallation
UCN source at the Los Alamos Neutron Science Center (LANSCE). Combining data
obtained in 2008 and 2009, we report , from which we determine the ratio of the
axial-vector to vector weak coupling of the nucleon .Comment: 5 pages, 2 figure
Zum biochemischen Wirkungsmechanismus des adrenocorticotropen Hormons
Es wird eine Übersicht über zwei Hypothesen und die dazugehörigen Befunde zum Wirkungsmechanismus des adrenocorticotropen Hormons gegeben: 1. Der Gehalt der Nebenniere an cyclischem Adenosinmonophosphat wird durch ACTH erhöht, die stimulierende Wirkung des Hormons auf die Corticoidsynthese wird durch cyclisches Adenosinmonophosphat imitiert. Die Beschleunigung der Corticoidsynthese dürfte allerdings nicht durch eine Aktivierung der Phosphorylase in der Nebenniere erfolgen. 2. Befunde zum biochemischen Mechanismus der Stimulation der Proteinsynthese in der Nebenniere durch ACTH werden referiert. Die Intaktheit der Proteinsynthese der Nebenniere scheint für den steroidogenen Effekt des ACTH Voraussetzung zu sein.Two current hypotheses on the mechanism of action of ACTH are reviewed: 1. The content of cyclic 3,5-adenosine monophosphate of the adrenals is increased by ACTH, and cyclic AMP or ACTH enhance corticoid synthesis. However, stimulation of corticoid synthesis presumably is not mediated by activation of adrenal phosphorylase. 2. Experiments dealing with the biochemical mechanism of the stimulation of adrenal protein synthesis are reviewed. The integrity of the adrenal protein synthesis appears to be necessary for the enhancement of corticoid synthesis by ACTH
Equation of state for polymer liquid crystals: theory and experiment
The first part of this paper develops a theory for the free energy of
lyotropic polymer nematic liquid crystals. We use a continuum model with
macroscopic elastic moduli for a polymer nematic phase. By evaluating the
partition function, considering only harmonic fluctuations, we derive an
expression for the free energy of the system. We find that the configurational
entropic part of the free energy enhances the effective repulsive interactions
between the chains. This configurational contribution goes as the fourth root
of the direct interactions. Enhancement originates from the coupling between
bending fluctuations and the compressibility of the nematic array normal to the
average director. In the second part of the paper we use osmotic stress to
measure the equation of state for DNA liquid crystals in 0.1M to 1M NaCl
solutions. These measurements cover 5 orders of magnitude in DNA osmotic
pressure. At high osmotic pressures the equation of state, dominated by
exponentially decaying hydration repulsion, is independent of the ionic
strength. At lower pressures the equation of state is dominated by fluctuation
enhanced electrostatic double layer repulsion. The measured equation of state
for DNA fits well with our theory for all salt concentrations. We are able to
extract the strength of the direct electrostatic double layer repulsion. This
is a new and alternative way of measuring effective charge densities along
semiflexible polyelectrolytes.Comment: text + 5 figures. Submitted to PR
Final results for the neutron β-asymmetry parameter A₀ from the UCNA experiment
The UCNA experiment was designed to measure the neutron β-asymmetry parameter A0 using polarized ultracold neutrons (UCN). UCN produced via downscattering in solid deuterium were polarized via transport through a 7 T magnetic field, and then directed to a 1 T solenoidal electron spectrometer, where the decay electrons were detected in electron detector packages located on the two ends of the spectrometer. A value for A0 was then extracted from the asymmetry in the numbers of counts in the two detector packages. We summarize all of the results from the UCNA experiment, obtained during run periods in 2007, 2008–2009, 2010, and 2011–2013, which ultimately culminated in a 0.67% precision result for A₀
Activated plasma coagulation β-Factor XII-induced vasoconstriction in rats
By inducing BK (bradykinin)-stimulated adrenomedullary catecholamine release, bolus injection of the β-fragment of activated plasma coagulation Factor XII (β-FXIIa) transiently elevates BP (blood pressure) and HR (heart rate) of anaesthetized, vagotomized, ganglion-blocked, captopril-treated bioassay rats. We hypothesized that intravenous infusion of β-FXIIa into intact untreated rats would elicit a qualitatively similar vasoconstrictor response. BN (Brown Norway) rats received for 60 min either: (i) saline (control; n=10); (ii) β-FXIIa (85 ng/min per kg of body weight; n=9); or (iii) β-FXIIa after 2ADX (bilateral adrenalectomy; n=9). LV (left ventricular) volume and aortic BP were recorded before (30 min baseline), during (60 min) and after (30 min recovery) the infusion. TPR (total peripheral resistance) was derived from MAP (mean arterial pressure), SV (stroke volume) and HR. Saline had no haemodynamic effects. β-FXIIa infusion increased its plasma concentration 3-fold in both groups. In adrenally intact rats, β-FXIIa infusion increased MAP by 6% (5±2 mmHg) and TPR by 45% (0.50±0.12 mmHg/ml per min), despite falls in SV (−38±8 μl) and HR [−18±5 b.p.m. (beats/min)] (all P<0.05). In 2ADX rats, β-FXIIa had no HR effect, but decreased SV (−89±9 μl) and MAP (−4±1 mmHg), and increased TPR by 66% (0.59±0.15 mmHg/ml per min) (all P<0.05). After infusion, adrenally intact rats exhibited persistent vasoconstriction (MAP, 10±1 mmHg; TPR, 0.55±0.07 mmHg/ml per min; both P<0.05), whereas in 2ADX rats, MAP remained 5±1 mmHg below baseline (P<0.05) and TPR returned to baseline. End-study arterial adrenaline (epinephrine) concentrations in the three groups were 1.9±0.6, 9.8±4.1 and 0.6±0.2 nmol/l respectively. Thus, in neurally intact lightly anaesthetized untreated rats, β-FXIIa infusion induces both adrenal catecholamine-mediated and adrenally independent increases in peripheral resistance
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