5,696 research outputs found
Defect chemistry and characterization Hg(1-x)Cd(x)Te
Iodine doped single crystal samples of mercury cadmium telluride were annealed at temperatures varying from 450 C to 600 C in Hg vapor and quenched to room temperature. Hall effect measurements at 77 K on the crystals cooled to room temperature indicate the samples to be n-type after anneals at high Hg pressures whereas they turn p-type after anneals at low Hg pressures; the electron concentration increases with increase in Hg pressure. The results are explained on the basis that the crystals are saturated with (Hg,Cd)I2, with a fraction of the iodine being present as donor occupying tellurium lattice sites and a fraction being present as acceptors resulting from the iodine on tellurium lattice sites pairing with the doubly ionized native acceptor defects. The solubility of the donor species increases with increase in Hg pressure, whereas that of the acceptor species increases with decrease in Hg pressure. Equilibrium constants for the incorporation of the iodine species as well as the pairing reaction were established
The colour-magnitude relations of ClJ1226.9+3332, a massive cluster of galaxies at z=0.89
(Abridged) The colour-magnitude relations of one of the most massive, high
redshift clusters of galaxies known have been studied. Photometry has been
measured in the V, R, I, z, F606W, F814W, J and K bands to a depth of K*+2.5
and spectroscopy confirms 27 K band selected cluster members. The V-K colours
are equivalent to a rest-frame colour of ~2700A-J, and provide a very sensitive
measure of star-formation activity. HST ACS imaging has been used to
morphologically classify the galaxies.
The cluster has a low early-type fraction compared to nearby clusters, with
only 33% of the cluster members having types E or S0. The early-type member
galaxies form a clear red-sequence in all colours. The scatter and slope of the
relations show no evolution compared to the equivalent Coma cluster relations,
suggesting the stellar populations are already very old. The normalisation of
the relations has been compared to models based on synthetic stellar
populations, and are most consistent with stellar populations forming at z>3.
Some late-type galaxies were found to lie on the red-sequence, suggesting that
they have very similar stellar populations to the early-types.
These results present a picture of a cluster in which the early-type galaxies
are all old, but in which there must be future morphological transformation of
galaxies to match the early-type fraction of nearby clusters. In order to
preserve the tight colour-magnitude relation of early-types seen in nearby
clusters, the late-type galaxies must transform their colours, through the
cessation of star-formation, before the morphological transformation occurs.
Such evolution is observed in the late-types lying on the colour-magnitude
relation.Comment: Accepted for publication in MNRAS. 14 pages, 5 figure
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Optimization of the neutron yield in fusion plasmas produced by Coulomb explosions of deuterium clusters irradiated by a petawatt laser
The kinetic energy of hot (multi-keV) ions from the laser-driven Coulomb explosion of deuterium clusters and the resulting fusion yield in plasmas formed from these exploding clusters has been investigated under a variety of conditions using the Texas Petawatt laser. An optimum laser intensity was found for producing neutrons in these cluster fusion plasmas with corresponding average ion energies of 14 keV. The substantial volume (1-10 mm(3)) of the laser-cluster interaction produced by the petawatt peak power laser pulse led to a fusion yield of 1.6x10(7) neutrons in a single shot with a 120 J, 170 fs laser pulse. Possible effects of prepulses are discussed. DOI: 10.1103/PhysRevE.87.023106Glenn Focht Memorial FellowshipNNSA DE-FC52-08NA28512DOE Office of Basic Energy SciencesPhysic
CO(J = 1-0) Imaging of M51 with CARMA and the Nobeyama 45 m Telescope
We report the CO(J = 1-0) observations of the Whirlpool Galaxy M51 using both the Combined Array for Research in Millimeter Astronomy (CARMA) and the Nobeyama 45 m telescope (NRO45). We describe a procedure for the combination of interferometer and single-dish data. In particular, we discuss (1) the joint imaging and deconvolution of heterogeneous data, (2) the weighting scheme based on the root-mean-square (rms) noise in the maps, (3) the sensitivity and uv coverage requirements, and (4) the flux recovery of a combined map. We generate visibilities from the single-dish map and calculate the noise of each visibility based on the rms noise. Our weighting scheme, though it is applied to discrete visibilities in this paper, should be applicable to grids in uv space, and this scheme may advance in future software development. For a realistic amount of observing time, the sensitivities of the NRO45 and CARMA visibility data sets are best matched by using the single-dish baselines only up to 4-6 kλ (about 1/4-1/3 of the dish diameter). The synthesized beam size is determined to conserve the flux between the synthesized beam and convolution beam. The superior uv coverage provided by the combination of CARMA long baseline data with 15 antennas and NRO45 short spacing data results in the high image fidelity, which is evidenced by the excellent overlap between even the faint CO emission and dust lanes in an optical Hubble Space Telescope image and polycyclicaromatichydrocarbon emission in a Spitzer 8 μm image. The total molecular gas masses of NGC 5194 and 5195 (d = 8.2 Mpc) are 4.9 × 10^9 M_⊙ and 7.8 × 10^7 M_⊙, respectively, assuming the CO-to-H_2 conversion factor of X _(CO) = 1.8 × 10^(20) cm-2(K km s^(–1))^(–1). The presented images are an indication of the millimeter-wave images that will become standard in the next decade with CARMA and NRO45, and the Atacama Large Millimeter/Submillimeter Array
Heat tolerance of short-beaked echidnas (Tachyglossus aculeatus) in the field
(1) Echidnas occur throughout the hot arid zone of Australia yet laboratory studies have concluded that they are ill equipped physiologically to manage T higher than 35°C. (2) Consequently, it is generally assumed that echidnas must rely on behavioural thermoregulation, being nocturnal in hot weather and seeking less extreme microclimates during the day. (3) By monitoring T of echidnas in the field and relating these to T within their day time shelters in Western Queensland during summer, this study showed that echidnas are able to tolerate T of 35-40°C in hollow logs for up to 10 h. (4) Further, as T remains < T in these situations, echidnas may have physiological mechanisms for dealing with the heat after all
ESO 381-47, an early-type galaxy with extended HI and a star forming ring
ESO 381-47 is an early type galaxy with an extended HI disk. GALEX and very
deep optical images reveal a distinct stellar ring far outside the optical body
with a diameter of ~30 kpc, which has undergone recent star formation at 1.8 x
10^-4 Msun/yr/kpc^-2, consistent with other new results which detect low level
star formation below the traditional Kennicutt relation in the outer parts of
spiral galaxies. The morphology of this galaxy resembles the recently
identified class of ultraviolet objects called extended ultraviolet disks, or
XUV-disks. New HI observations of this galaxy taken at the ATCA and in the CnB
array at the VLA show that the cold gas lies in an extended (diameter ~90 kpc)
ring around the central S0 galaxy. The HI data cube can be well modeled by a
warped ring. The faint ionized gas in the inner parts of the galaxy is
kinematically decoupled from the stars and instead appears to exhibit
velocities consistent with the rotation of the HI ring at larger radius. The
peak of the stellar ring, as seen in the optical and UV, is slightly displaced
to the inside relative to the peak of the HI ring. We discuss the manner in
which this offset could be caused by the propagation of a radial density wave
through an existing stellar disk, perhaps triggered by a galaxy collision at
the center of the disk, or possibly due to a spiral density wave set up at
early times in a disk too hot to form a stellar bar. Gas accretion and
resonance effects due to a bar which has since dissolved are also considered to
explain the presence of the star forming ring seen in the GALEX and deep
optical data.Comment: 48 pages, 16 figures, 4 tables. Accepted for publication in the
Astronomical Journa
Work (still) in Progress: Establishing the value of gendered innovations in the social sciences
Australian Research Council Discovery Project gran
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