14 research outputs found
Indication of Anisotropy in Electromagnetic Propagation over Cosmological Distances
We report a systematic rotation of the plane of polarization of
electromagnetic radiation propagating over cosmological distances. The effect
is extracted independently from Faraday rotation, and found to be correlated
with the angular positions and distances to the sources. Monte Carlo analysis
yields probabilistic P-values of order 10^(-3) for this to occur as a
fluctuation. A fit yields a birefringence scale of order 10^(25) meters.
Dependence on redshift z rules out a local effect. Barring hidden systematic
bias in the data, the correlation indicates a new cosmological effect.Comment: 5 pages, 1 figure, ReVTeX. For more information, see
http://www.cc.rochester.edu/college/rtc/Borge/aniso.htm
On the Reliability of Meta-Analytic Reviews
The article addresses the issue of intercoder reliability in meta-analyses. The current practice of reporting a single, mean intercoder agreement score in meta-analytic research leads to systematic bias and overestimates the true reliability. An alternative approach is recommended in which average intercoder agreement scores or other reliability statistics are calculated within clusters of coded variables. These clusters form a hierarchy in which the correctness of coding decisions at a given level of the hierarchy is contingent on decisions made at higher levels. Two separate studies of intercoder agreement in meta-analysis are presented to assess the validity of the model.Peer Reviewedhttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/67840/2/10.1177_0193841X9301700303.pd