15 research outputs found
Numerical modeling of the impact of pump wavelength on Yb-doped fiber amplifier performance
Ytterbium-doped optical amplifiers have become common tools for industrial applications due to their high efficiency, relatively low cost and potentially very high output power level. The efficiency of an ytterbium-doped fiber amplifier depends mainly on the absorption of pump radiation, and, therefore, optimum pump wavelengths have been proposed such as 915 nm. However, the semiconductor pump diodes batch supplied by manufacturers may exhibit a spread in the output wavelength. This paper theoretically investigates the performance of Yb-doped amplifiers for different pump wavelengths and defines the pump power penalty when the pump source does not emit at the optimum wavelength. The penalty has been defined as normalized excess pump power required to achieve the desired gain
Evaluation of physiological traits, yield and yield components at two growth stages in 10 durum wheat lines grown under rainfed conditions in Southern Syria
Water stress, which limits the
distribution and productivity of durum
wheat (Triticum durum Desf.) in the
Mediterranean region, is also considered to
be a major factor reducing yield in semiarid
regions. Improving drought resistance is
thus an important objective in plant
breeding programs for rainfed agriculture.
The current study was carried out to identify
drought-tolerant durum wheat lines among
10 lines and one variety (Douma1, the
control) in the first and second settlement
zones in the Southern part of Syria and to
recognize the most important physiological
parameters associated with drought
tolerance. Membrane stability index,
chlorophyll (chl) content, relative water
content and chl fluorescence were recorded
at the vegetative and anthesis stages, as
were yield and yield components. Data
recorded at vegetative and anthesis stages in
both zones showed that there were
significant differences between all lines
growing in the first and second settlement
zones and that all characters in the second
zone were significantly lower than those in
the first zone. Line 1 was superior to
Douma1 in terms of membrane stability
index, relative water content, chl content
and chl florescence, also showing better
yield and higher total plant biomass, tiller
number/m2, 1000 grain weight and grain
number/ear than the control. The ability of
wheat cultivars to perform reasonably well in variable rainfall and water-stressed
environments is an important trait since it
allows for stable production under drought
stress. Moreover, prior to genetic
manipulation, it is important to characterize
the physiological parameters of known
drought-tolerant or drought-sensitive wheat
cultivars with the objective of better
understanding their physiological responses
under drought
Green synthesis of novel spiropyrazoline-indolinones in neutral deep eutectic solvents and DFT studies
Novel spiropyrazoline-indolinones (4aāt) have been synthesized successfully in neutral deep eutectic solvents by reacting 5-Cl/Br-isatin (1aāb) with aromatic ketones (2aāb) and a variety of substituted hydrazines (3aāe) in good to excellent yields. This eco-friendly straightforward synthetic protocol discloses good functional group compatibility. The conventional synthetic approach was compared with the greener route of microwave-assisted synthesis of spiropyrazolines using ethanol. This approach utilized mild reaction conditions which furnished high yields in short reaction time employing one pot two-step multicomponent. All new compounds were structurally confirmed by detailed spectroscopic analysis and density functional theory calculations. This method provides efficient access to spiropyrazole derivatives using biodegradable and green solvent
Designing shape-memory Heusler alloys from first-principles
The phase diagrams of magnetic shape-memory Heusler alloys, in particular, ternary Ni-Mn-Z and quarternary (Pt, Ni)-Mn-Z alloys with Z=Ga, Sn, have been addressed by density functional theory and Monte Carlo simulations. Finite temperature free energy calculations show that the phonon contribution stabilizes the high-temperature austenite structure while at low temperatures magnetism and the band Jahn-Teller effect favor the modulated monoclinic 14M or the nonmodulated tetragonal structure. The substitution of Ni by Pt leads to a series of magnetic shape-memory alloys with very similar properties to Ni-Mn-Ga but with a maximal eigenstrain of 14%