1,201 research outputs found
Strengthening the Scientific Foundations of Professional Psychology: Time for the Next Steps
The field of professional psychology has been tremendously successful, although it has also been characterized by many competing preparadigmatic theoretical orientations, which have led to a great deal of contention as well as conflicting views regarding psychological development, functioning, and behavior change. There is now widespread agreement regarding scientific explanations of many psychological processes, however, and, consequently, it is time to update the basic conceptual frameworks used for professional psychology education and practice. Replacing the traditional reliance on an array of theoretical orientations with a science-based biopsychosocial framework would resolve many of the contradictions and conflicts that characterized the preparadigmatic era and would also provide a common perspective for unifying psychologists around a shared approach to practice, research, and training
A dedicated algorithm for calculating ground states for the triangular random bond Ising model
In the presented article we present an algorithm for the computation of
ground state spin configurations for the 2d random bond Ising model on planar
triangular lattice graphs. Therefore, it is explained how the respective ground
state problem can be mapped to an auxiliary minimum-weight perfect matching
problem, solvable in polynomial time. Consequently, the ground state properties
as well as minimum-energy domain wall (MEDW) excitations for very large 2d
systems, e.g. lattice graphs with up to N=384x384 spins, can be analyzed very
fast. Here, we investigate the critical behavior of the corresponding T=0
ferromagnet to spin-glass transition, signaled by a breakdown of the
magnetization, using finite-size scaling analyses of the magnetization and MEDW
excitation energy and we contrast our numerical results with previous
simulations and presumably exact results.Comment: 5 pages, 5 figure
Configurational statistics of densely and fully packed loops in the negative-weight percolation model
By means of numerical simulations we investigate the configurational
properties of densely and fully packed configurations of loops in the
negative-weight percolation (NWP) model. In the presented study we consider 2d
square, 2d honeycomb, 3d simple cubic and 4d hypercubic lattice graphs, where
edge weights are drawn from a Gaussian distribution. For a given realization of
the disorder we then compute a configuration of loops, such that the
configurational energy, given by the sum of all individual loop weights, is
minimized. For this purpose, we employ a mapping of the NWP model to the
"minimum-weight perfect matching problem" that can be solved exactly by using
sophisticated polynomial-time matching algorithms. We characterize the loops
via observables similar to those used in percolation studies and perform
finite-size scaling analyses, up to side length L=256 in 2d, L=48 in 3d and
L=20 in 4d (for which we study only some observables), in order to estimate
geometric exponents that characterize the configurations of densely and fully
packed loops. One major result is that the loops behave like uncorrelated
random walks from dimension d=3 on, in contrast to the previously studied
behavior at the percolation threshold, where random-walk behavior is obtained
for d>=6.Comment: 11 pages, 7 figure
Clarifying the Effects of Parental Substance Abuse, Child Sexual Abuse, and Parental Caregiving on Adult Adjustment
Parental alcoholism, childhood sexual abuse, and other forms of child maltreatment are generally viewed as contributing to adult adjustment problems. The long-term effects of these various factors, however, are actually not well understood. The present study found that the largest amount of variance in 255 college students\u27 psychological distress was explained by parental emotional abuse and neglect, with child sexual abuse, parental substance abuse, and other factors explaining additional but smaller amounts of variance in distress. This suggests that comprehensive conceptualizations of family influences on development will result in a more complete understanding of long-term adjustment outcomes than merely focusing on particular childhood risk factors
Domain wall entropy of the bimodal two-dimensional Ising spin glass
We report calculations of the domain wall entropy for the bimodal
two-dimensional Ising spin glass in the critical ground state. The L * L system
sizes are large with L up to 256. We find that it is possible to fit the
variance of the domain wall entropy to a power function of L. However, the
quality of the data distributions are unsatisfactory with large L > 96.
Consequently, it is not possible to reliably determine the fractal dimension of
the domain walls.Comment: 4 pages, 2 figures, submitted to PR
Mycenaean Textile Memories in Homeric Terminology
The present paper aims at investigating continuity and disruption between Mycenaean and Homeric Greek in the field of technical terminology pertaining to the textile craft. The objective of the work is a reconsideration of the main verbs (ὑφαίνω, τολυπεύω, ῥάπτω, ἐπικλώθω), bearing the notion of "to weave", into these two phases of the Greek language. Surprisingly we can also highlight the semantic shift – in the reason of the different chronology and contexts of use – which characterises the textile terminology. We know, indeed, that the use of the terminology of work (particularly of the manual labour) in relation with the terminology for intellectual activities (planning, ideation, writing, playing music etc.) can be considered a topos in many Indo-European traditions. Following this path of reasoning, most of the terms in the Linear B tablets drawn for manufacturing crafts (such as carpentry or weaving) assume in the Homeric epics a metaphorical meaning
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