39,416 research outputs found
Assessing somatization in urologic chronic pelvic pain syndrome
BACKGROUND: This study examined the prevalence of somatization disorder in Urological Chronic Pelvic Pain Syndrome (UCPPS) and the utility of two self-report symptom screening tools for assessment of somatization in patients with UCPPS.
METHODS: The study sample included 65 patients with UCPPS who enrolled in the Multidisciplinary Approach to the Study of Chronic Pelvic Pain (MAPP) Study at Washington University. Patients completed the PolySymptomatic PolySyndromic Questionnaire (PSPS-Q) (n = 64) and the Patient Health Questionnaire-15 Somatic Symptom Severity Scale (PHQ-15) (n = 50). Review of patient medical records found that only 47% (n = 30) contained sufficient documentation to assess Perley-Guze criteria for somatization disorder.
RESULTS: Few (only 6.5%) of the UCPPS sample met Perley-Guze criteria for definite somatization disorder. Perley-Guze somatization disorder was predicted by definite PSPS-Q somatization with at least 75% sensitivity and specificity. Perley-Guze somatization disorder was predicted by severe (\u3e 15) PHQ-15 threshold that had \u3e 90% sensitivity and specificity but was met by only 16% of patients. The moderate (\u3e 10) PHQ-15 threshold had higher sensitivity (100%) but lower specificity (52%) and was met by 52% of the sample.
CONCLUSIONS: The PHQ-15 is brief, but it measures symptoms constituting only one dimension of somatization. The PSPS-Q uniquely captures two conceptual dimensions inherent in the definition of somatization disorder, both number of symptoms and symptom distribution across multiple organ systems, with relevance for UCPPS as a syndrome that is not just a collection of urological symptoms but a broader syndrome with symptoms extending beyond the urological system
Signatures of the neutrino mass hierarchy in supernova neutrinos
The undetermined neutrino mass hierarchy may leave an observable imprint on
the neutrino fluxes from a core-collapse supernova (SN). The interpretation of
the observables, however, is subject to the uncertain SN models and the flavor
conversion mechanism of neutrinos in a SN. We attempt to propose a qualitative
interpretation of the expected neutrino events at terrestrial detectors,
focusing on the accretion phase of the neutrino burst. The flavor conversions
due to neutrino self-interaction, the MSW effect, and the Earth regeneration
effect are incorporated in the calculation. It leads to several distinct
scenarios that are identified by the neutrino mass hierarchies and the
collective flavor transitions. Consequences resulting from the variation of
incident angles and SN models are also discussed.Comment: 15 pages, 9 figure
Sheath ionization model of beam emissions from large spacecraft
An analytical model of the charging of a spacecraft emitting electron and ion beams has been applied to the case of large spacecraft. In this model, ionization occurs in the sheath due to the return current. Charge neutralization of spherical space charge flow is examined by solving analytical equations numerically. Parametric studies of potential large spacecraft are performed. As in the case of small spacecraft, the ions created in the sheath by the returning current play a large role in determining spacecraft potential
Orbital and valley state spectra of a few-electron silicon quantum dot
Understanding interactions between orbital and valley quantum states in
silicon nanodevices is crucial in assessing the prospects of spin-based qubits.
We study the energy spectra of a few-electron silicon metal-oxide-semiconductor
quantum dot using dynamic charge sensing and pulsed-voltage spectroscopy. The
occupancy of the quantum dot is probed down to the single-electron level using
a nearby single-electron transistor as a charge sensor. The energy of the first
orbital excited state is found to decrease rapidly as the electron occupancy
increases from N=1 to 4. By monitoring the sequential spin filling of the dot
we extract a valley splitting of ~230 {\mu}eV, irrespective of electron number.
This indicates that favorable conditions for qubit operation are in place in
the few-electron regime.Comment: 4 figure
Two-dimensional viscous flow computations of hypersonic scramjet nozzle flowfields at design and off-design conditions
The PARC2D code has been selected to analyze the flowfields of a representative hypersonic scramjet nozzle over a range of flight conditions from Mach 3 to 20. The flowfields, wall pressures, wall skin friction values, heat transfer values and overall nozzle performance are presented
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