43,377 research outputs found
The Diffractive Interactions Working Group Summary
Diffractive interactions represent a lively domain of investigations, as
confirmed by the progresses reported during the conference. We summarize the
diffractive interactions session and put the new experimental data (section 1),
developments in modeling diffraction (section 2) and the theoretical relations
with Quantum Chromodynamics (section 3) in perspective.Comment: Summary report at DIS200
Soft-gluon resolution scale in QCD evolution equations
QCD evolution equations can be recast in terms of parton branching processes.
We present a new numerical solution of the equations. We show that this
parton-branching solution can be applied to analyze infrared contributions to
evolution, order-by-order in the strong coupling , as a function of
the soft-gluon resolution scale parameter. We examine the cases of
transverse-momentum ordering and angular ordering. We illustrate that this
approach can be used to treat distributions which depend both on longitudinal
and on transverse momenta.Comment: Latex, 8 pages, 4 figure
Collinear and TMD Quark and Gluon Densities from Parton Branching Solution of QCD Evolution Equations
We study parton-branching solutions of QCD evolution equations and present a
method to construct both collinear and transverse momentum dependent (TMD)
parton densities from this approach. We work with next-to-leading-order (NLO)
accuracy in the strong coupling. Using the unitarity picture in terms of
resolvable and non-resolvable branchings, we analyze the role of the soft-gluon
resolution scale in the evolution equations. For longitudinal momentum
distributions, we find agreement of our numerical calculations with existing
evolution programs at the level of better than 1 percent over a range of five
orders of magnitude both in evolution scale and in longitudinal momentum
fraction. We make predictions for the evolution of transverse momentum
distributions. We perform fits to the high-precision deep inelastic scattering
(DIS) structure function measurements, and we present a set of NLO TMD
distributions based on the parton branching approach.Comment: 27 pages, 8 figure
Development and application of a self-referencing glucose microsensor for the measurement of glucose consumption by pancreatic ?-cells
Glucose gradients generated by an artificial source and ?-cells were measured using an enzyme-based glucose microsensor, 8-?m tip diameter, as a self-referencing electrode. The technique is based on a difference measurement between two locations in a gradient and thus allows us to obtain real-time flux values with minimal impact of sensor drift or noise. Flux values were derived by incorporation of the measured differential current into Fick's first equation. In an artificial glucose gradient, a flux detection limit of 8.2 ± 0.4 pmol·cm-2·s-1 (mean ± SEM, n = 7) with a sensor sensitivity of 7.0 ± 0.4 pA/mM (mean ± SEM, n = 16) was demonstrated. Under biological conditions, the glucose sensor showed no oxygen dependence with 5 mM glucose in the bulk medium. The addition of catalase to the bulk medium was shown to ameliorate surface-dependent flux distortion close to specimens, suggesting an underlying local accumulation of hydrogen peroxide. Glucose flux from ?-cell clusters, measured in the presence of 5 mM glucose, was 61.7 ± 9.5 fmol·nL-1·s-1 (mean ± SEM, n = 9) and could be pharmacologically modulated. Glucose consumption in response to FCCP (1 ?M) transiently increased, subsequently decreasing to below basal by 93 ± 16 and 56 ± 6%, respectively (mean ± SEM, n = 5). Consumption was decreased after the application of 10 ?M rotenone by 74 ± 5% (mean ± SEM, n = 4). These results demonstrate that an enzyme-based amperometric microsensor can be applied in the self-referencing mode. Further, in obtaining glucose flux measurements from small clusters of cells, these are the first recordings of the real-time dynamic of glucose movements in a biological microenvironment. <br/
Demon-free quantum Brownian motors
A quantum Smoluchowski equation is put forward that consistently describes
thermal quantum states. In particular, it notably does not induce a violation
of the second law of thermodynamics. This so modified kinetic equation is
applied to study {\it analytically} directed quantum transport at strong
friction in arbitrarily shaped ratchet potentials that are driven by nonthermal
two-state noise. Depending on the mutual interplay of quantum tunneling and
quantum reflection these quantum corrections can induce both, either a sizable
enhancement or a suppression of transport. Moreover, the threshold for current
reversals becomes markedly shifted due to such quantum fluctuations.Comment: 4 pages 3 figure
Black hole particle emission in higher-dimensional spacetimes
In models with extra dimensions, a black hole evaporates both in the bulk and
on the visible brane, where standard model fields live. The exact emissivities
of each particle species are needed to determine how the black hole decay
proceeds. We compute and discuss the absorption cross-sections, the relative
emissivities and the total power output of all known fields in the evaporation
phase. Graviton emissivity is highly enhanced as the spacetime dimensionality
increases. Therefore, a black hole loses a significant fraction of its mass in
the bulk. This result has important consequences for the phenomenology of black
holes in models with extra dimensions and black hole detection in particle
colliders.Comment: 4 pages, RevTeX 4. v3: Misprints in Tables correcte
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