2,669 research outputs found
Effects of Dehydration on Freezing Characteristics and Survival in Liquid Nitrogen of Three Recalcitrant Seeds
The recalcitrant seeds rambutan( Nephelium lappaceum). durian (Durio zibethinus) and cempedak
(Artocarpus inleger) have a high critical moisture content (below which ·rapid loss of viability occurs of
27.0%, 26.0% and 37.9%,respectively. The critical moisture for embroys were higher at 39.0%
for rambutan, 53.9% for durian and 43.2% for Cempedak. Differential Thermal analysis of the embroyos
confirmed that their threshhold moistures (below which there is no freezable water) were lower than their critical
moistureS. The Threshhold moistures for rambutan, durian and cempedak embryos were approximately 30%,
32% and 33% respectively. It is suggested that unsuccessful attempts at cryopreservation of embroyos of
'recalcitrant seeds in the past maybe due to the absence of safe window between the high critical moisture
content and the threshhold moisture. This results in freezing injury at the higher moistures and dehydration
injury' at the lower moistures. Potential techniques to overcome this and improve cryopreservation of recalcitrant
seed embryos are discussed
Desiccation and Cryopreservation of Embryonic Axes of Hevea brasiliensis Muell. - Arg.
Hevea embryonic axes were desiccated for a period of 1 - 5 hours and the moisture content was
determined at the end of each hour of desiccation. Another set of embryonic axes were aseptically
desiccated for the same period before they were cryopreserved for 16 hours by direct immersion in
liquid nitrogen (-196°C). At a moisture content between 14 - 20% (desiccation for 2 - 5 hours),
20 - 69% of the embryonic axes survived cryopreservation and formed seedlings with normal roots
and shoots when cultured in vitro. A bnormalities were deteched in some seedlings however, hence,
refinement of the technique is needed
Contact and Friction of Nano-Asperities: Effects of Adsorbed Monolayers
Molecular dynamics simulations are used to study contact between a rigid,
nonadhesive, spherical tip with radius of order 30nm and a flat elastic
substrate covered with a fluid monolayer of adsorbed chain molecules. Previous
studies of bare surfaces showed that the atomic scale deviations from a sphere
that are present on any tip constructed from discrete atoms lead to significant
deviations from continuum theory and dramatic variability in friction forces.
Introducing an adsorbed monolayer leads to larger deviations from continuum
theory, but decreases the variations between tips with different atomic
structure. Although the film is fluid, it remains in the contact and behaves
qualitatively like a thin elastic coating except for certain tips at high
loads. Measures of the contact area based on the moments or outer limits of the
pressure distribution and on counting contacting atoms are compared. The number
of tip atoms making contact in a time interval grows as a power of the interval
when the film is present and logarithmically with the interval for bare
surfaces. Friction is measured by displacing the tip at a constant velocity or
pulling the tip with a spring. Both static and kinetic friction rise linearly
with load at small loads. Transitions in the state of the film lead to
nonlinear behavior at large loads. The friction is less clearly correlated with
contact area than load.Comment: RevTex4, 17 pages, 13 figure
Imaging propagative exciton polaritons in atomically thin WSe2 waveguides
The exciton polariton (EP) is a half-light and half-matter quasiparticle that is promising for exploring both fundamental quantum phenomena as well as photonic applications. Van der Waals materials, such as transition-metal dichalcogenide (TMD), emerge as a promising nanophotonics platform due to its support of long propagative EPs even at room temperature. However, real-space studies have been limited to bulk crystal waveguides with a thickness no less than 60 nm. Here we report the nano-optical imaging of the transverse-electric EPs in WSe2 nanoflakes down to a few atomic layers, which can be turned on and off by tuning the polarization state of the excitation laser. Unlike previously studied transverse-magnetic modes that exist only in bulk TMD waveguides, we found that the transverse-electric EPs could reside in ultrathin WSe2 samples, owing to the alignment of the electric field with the in-plane dipole orientation of two-dimensional excitons. Furthermore, we show that the EP wavelength and propagation length can be largely controlled by varying laser energy and sample thickness. These findings open opportunities to realize near-infrared polaritonic devices and circuits truly at the atomically thin limit
[Colored solutions of Yang-Baxter equation from representations of U_{q}gl(2)]
We study the Hopf algebra structure and the highest weight representation of
a multiparameter version of . The commutation relations as well as
other Hopf algebra maps are explicitly given. We show that the multiparameter
universal matrix can be constructed directly as a quantum double
intertwiner, without using Reshetikhin's transformation. An interesting feature
automatically appears in the representation theory: it can be divided into two
types, one for generic , the other for being a root of unity. When
applying the representation theory to the multiparameter universal
matrix, the so called standard and nonstandard colored solutions of the Yang-Baxter equation is obtained.Comment: [14]pages, latex, no figure
Characterization of high-resolution aerosol mass spectra of primary organic aerosol emissions from Chinese cooking and biomass burning
Aerosol mass spectrometry has proved to be a powerful tool to measure
submicron particulate composition with high time resolution. Factor analysis
of mass spectra (MS) collected worldwide by aerosol mass spectrometer (AMS)
demonstrates that submicron organic aerosol (OA) is usually composed of
several major components, such as oxygenated (OOA), hydrocarbon-like (HOA),
biomass burning (BBOA), and other primary OA. In order to help
interpretation of component MS from factor analysis of ambient OA datasets,
AMS measurements of different primary sources is required for comparison.
Such work, however, has been very scarce in the literature, especially for
high resolution MS (HR-MS) measurements, which performs improved
characterization by separating the ions of different elemental composition
at each <i>m</i>/<i>z</i> in comparison with unit mass resolution MS (UMR-MS)
measurements. In this study, primary emissions from four types of Chinese
cooking (CC) and six types of biomass burning (BB) were simulated
systematically and measured using an Aerodyne High-Resolution Time-of-Flight
AMS (HR-ToF-AMS). The MS of the CC emissions show high similarity, with <i>m</i>/<i>z</i>
41 and <i>m</i>/<i>z</i> 55 being the highest signals; the MS of the BB emissions also
show high similarity, with <i>m</i>/<i>z</i> 29 and <i>m</i>/<i>z</i> 43 being the highest signals. The
MS difference between the CC and BB emissions is much bigger than that
between different CC (or BB) types, especially for the HR-MS. The O/C ratio
of OA ranges from 0.08 to 0.13 for the CC emissions and from 0.18 to 0.26
for the BB emissions. The UMR ions of <i>m</i>/<i>z</i> 43, <i>m</i>/<i>z</i> 44, <i>m</i>/<i>z</i> 57, and <i>m</i>/<i>z</i> 60,
usually used as tracers in AMS measurements, were examined for their HR-MS
characteristics in the CC and BB emissions. In addition, the MS of the CC
and BB emissions are also compared with component MS from factor analysis of
ambient OA datasets observed in China, as well as with other AMS
measurements of primary sources in the literature. The MS signatures of
cooking and biomass burning emissions revealed in this study can be used as
important reference for factor analysis of ambient OA datasets, especially
for the relevant studies in East Asia
R-matrix Floquet theory for laser-assisted electron-atom scattering
A new version of the R-matrix Floquet theory for laser-assisted electron-atom
scattering is presented. The theory is non-perturbative and applicable to a
non-relativistic many-electron atom or ion in a homogeneous linearly polarized
field. It is based on the use of channel functions built from field-dressed
target states, which greatly simplifies the general formalism.Comment: 18 pages, LaTeX2e, submitted to J.Phys.
Anisotropic Structure of the Order Parameter in FeSe0.45Te0.55 Revealed by Angle Resolved Specific Heat
The symmetry and structure of the superconducting gap in the Fe-based
superconductors are the central issue for understanding these novel materials.
So far the experimental data and theoretical models have been highly
controversial. Some experiments favor two or more constant or nearly-constant
gaps, others indicate strong anisotropy and yet others suggest gap zeros
("nodes"). Theoretical models also vary, suggesting that the absence or
presence of the nodes depends quantitatively on the model parameters. An
opinion that has gained substantial currency is that the gap structure, unlike
all other known superconductors, including cuprates, may be different in
different compounds within the same family. A unique method for addressing this
issue, one of the very few methods that are bulk and angle-resolved, calls for
measuring the electronic specific heat in a rotating magnetic field, as a
function of field orientation with respect to the crystallographic axes. In
this Communication we present the first such measurement for an Fe-based
high-Tc superconductor (FeBSC). We observed a fourfold oscillation of the
specific heat as a function of the in-plane magnetic field direction, which
allowed us to identify the locations of the gap minima (or nodes) on the Fermi
surface. Our results are consistent with the expectations of an extended s-wave
model with a significant gap anisotropy on the electron pockets and the gap
minima along the \Gamma M (or Fe-Fe bond) direction.Comment: 32 pages, 7 figure
Semiclassical Quantization for the Spherically Symmetric Systems under an Aharonov-Bohm magnetic flux
The semiclassical quantization rule is derived for a system with a
spherically symmetric potential and an
Aharonov-Bohm magnetic flux. Numerical results are presented and compared with
known results for models with . It is shown that the
results provided by our method are in good agreement with previous results. One
expects that the semiclassical quantization rule shown in this paper will
provide a good approximation for all principle quantum number even the rule is
derived in the large principal quantum number limit . We also discuss
the power parameter dependence of the energy spectra pattern in this
paper.Comment: 13 pages, 4 figures, some typos correcte
220 fs Er-Yb:glass laser mode-locked by a broadband low-loss Si/Ge saturable absorber
We demonstrate femtosecond performance of an ultra-broadband
high-index-contrast saturable Bragg reflector consisting of a
silicon/silicon-dioxide/germanium structure that is fully compatible with CMOS
processing. This device offers a reflectivity bandwidth of over 700 nm and
sub-picosecond recovery time of the saturable loss. It is used to achieve
mode-locking of an Er-Yb:glass laser centered at 1540 nm, generating 220 fs
pulses, with the broadest output spectrum to date
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