The Structure and Measurement of Career Indecision: A Critical Review

This article provides a comprehensive review of the theoretical and empirical progress of indecision structural models and assessment from 2000 to 2017. Because career indecision remains a central topic for career counseling, it is important for the field to achieve an updated understanding of its models and measurement. Based on the development of theory-driven and data-driven indecision models and measures, the review generally found that the Career Decision Difficulties Questionnaire, the Emotional and Personality Career Difficulties Scale, and the Career Indecision Profile could reliably and validly measure various factors of career indecision. It was also found that an integrative five-factor model of indecision (i.e., neuroticism/negative affectivity, choice/commitment anxiety, need for information, lack of readiness, and interpersonal conflicts) shows the potential to adequately represent the comprehensive factor structure of career indecision. Implications and recommendations for practice and research are discussed in a global context

Topological energy gaps in the [111]-oriented InAs/GaSb and GaSb/InAs core-shell nanowires

The [111]-oriented InAs/GaSb and GaSb/InAs core-shell nanowires have been studied by the $8\times 8$ Luttinger-Kohn $\vec{k}\cdot\vec{p}$ Hamiltonian to search for non-vanishing fundamental gaps between inverted electron and hole bands. We focus on the variations of the topologically nontrivial fundamental gap, the hybridization gap, and the effective gap with the core radius and shell thickness of the nanowires. The evolutions of all the energy gaps with the structural parameters are shown to be dominantly governed by quantum size effects. With a fixed core radius, a topologically nontrivial fundamental gap exists only at intermediate shell thicknesses. The maximum gap is $\sim 4.4$ meV for GaSb/InAs and $\sim 3.5$ meV for InAs/GaSb core-shell nanowires, and for the GaSb/InAs core-shell nanowires the gap persists over a wider range of geometrical parameters. The intrinsic reason for these differences between the two types of nanowires is that in the shell the electron-like states of InAs is more delocalized than the hole-like state of GaSb, while in the core the hole-like state of GaSb is more delocalized than the electron-like state of InAs, and both features favor stronger electron-hole hybridization. Since similar features of the electron- and hole-like states have been found in nanowires of other materials, it could serve as a common rule to put the hole-like state in the core while the electron-like state in the shell of a core-shell nanowire to achieve better topological properties.Comment: 10 pages, 10 figure

Cloaking and imaging at the same time

In this letter, we propose a conceptual device to perform subwavelength imaging with positive refraction. The key to this proposal is that a drain is no longer a must for some cases. What's more, this device is an isotropic omnidirectional cloak with a perfect electric conductor hiding region and shows versatile illusion optical effects. Numerical simulations are performed to verify the functionalities.Comment: 15 pages, 4 figure

An Economic Analysis of Peer-Disclosure in Online Social Communities

We study a novel privacy concern, viz. peer disclosure of sensitive personal information in online social communities. We model peer disclosure as imposing a negative externality on other people. Our model encompasses the benefits from posting information, positive externalities such as recognition and entertainment benefits due to others' sharing of information, and heterogeneous privacy preferences. We find that regulation of peer disclosure is necessary. We consider two candidate regulations -- nudging and quota. Nudging reduces user participation and privacy harm and sometimes improve social welfare. By contrast, imposing a quota often improves user participation, privacy protection and social welfare. Adding a nudge on top of a quota does not bring additional benefits. We show that any regulation that uniformly controls the disclosure of sensitive and nonsensitive information will not serve the triple objectives of reducing privacy harm, increasing social welfare, and increasing information contribution. We derive a necessary condition for solutions that can fulfill these three objectives. We also compare the incentives of the platform owner and social planner and draw related managerial and policy implications

Dimensional Crossover in the Effective Second Harmonic Generation of Films of Random Dielectrics

The effective nonlinear response of films of random composites consisting of a binary composite with nonlinear particles randomly embedded in a linear host is theoretically and numerically studied. A theoretical expression for the effective second harmonic generation susceptibility, incorporating the thickness of the film, is obtained by combining a modified effective-medium approximation with the general expression for the effective second harmonic generation susceptibility in a composite. The validity of the thoretical results is tested against results obtained by numerical simulations on random resistor networks. Numerical results are found to be well described by our theory. The result implies that the effective-medium approximation provides a convenient way for the estimation of the nonlinear response in films of random dielectrics.Comment: 9 pages, 2 figures; accepted for publication in Phys. Rev.