10 research outputs found
Economic Impact of Cystic Echinococcosis in Peru
Cystic echinococcosis (CE), caused by infection with the larval stage of the cestode Echinococcus granulosus, constitutes an important public health problem in Peru. Despite its high prevalence in endemic communities no studies have attempted to estimate the economic impact of CE in Peruvian society. We used official and published sources of epidemiological and economic information to estimate direct and indirect costs associated with livestock production losses and human disease. We also used disability adjusted life years (DALYs) which is an overall measure of disease burden, expressed as number of years lost due to ill-health, disability or early death due to CE. We found that the total estimated cost of human CE in Peru was U.S.196,681 to U.S.$3,846,754. An estimated 1,139 DALYs were also lost due to surgical cases of CE which is comparable to DALY losses from Amebiasis or Malaria in Peru. This conservative assessment found significant economic losses caused by this CE in Peruvian society. The findings of this study are important as these data can serve to prioritize those areas that may need to be targeted in a control program
Hepatitis B in Ghana: a systematic review & meta-analysis of prevalence studies (1995-2015)
South American opinions on the war: I. Chile and the war,
The two articles as combined here have been reissued in the original Spanish under the caption "Opiniones sudamericanas sobre la guerra" as bulletin no. 15 of the Interamerican Division of "International Conciliation" under the auspices of the American Association for International Conciliation, Interamerican Division."The paper on Chile was published early in 1916 ... The paper on Ecuador was published as a pamphlet at Quito in June 1917." cf. Introd.Mode of access: Internet
Comparison of effectiveness and sensitivity using two in-office bleaching protocols for a 6% hydrogen peroxide gel in a randomized clinical trial
Objective: The aim of this blinded and randomized clinical trial was to compare two
application protocols (one 36-minute application vs three 12-minute applications). We then
assessed the effectiveness of the bleaching and any increase in sensitivity that was induced by
bleaching via a split-mouth design.
Methods and Materials: Thirty patients were
treated. One group had a half arch of teeth
treated with a traditional application protocol
(group A: 3 3 12 minutes for two sessions). The
other received an abbreviated protocol (group
B: 1 3 36 minutes over two sessions). Two
sessions were appointed with a two-day interval between them. The tooth color was registered at each session, as well as one week and
one month after completing the treatment via
a spectrophotometer. This measured L*, a*,
and b*. This was also evaluated subjectively
using the VITA classical A1-D4 guide and VITA
Bleachedguide 3D-MASTER. Tooth sensitivity
was registered according to the visual analogue scale (VAS) scale. Tooth color variation
and sensitivity were compared between
groups.
Results: Both treatments changed tooth color
vs baseline. The DE* = 5.71 6 2.62 in group A,
and DE* = 4.93 6 2.09 in group B one month
after completing the bleaching (p=0.20). No
statistical differences were seen via subjective
evaluations. There were no differences in
tooth sensitivity between the groups. The
absolute risk of sensitivity reported for both
groups was 6.25% (p=0.298). The intensity by
VAS was mild (p=1.00).
Conclusions: We used hydrogen peroxide (6%)
that was light activated with a hybrid LED/
laser and two different protocols (one 36-minute application vs three 12-minute applications each for two sessions). These approaches
were equally effective. There were no differences in absolute risk of sensitivity; both
groups reported mild sensitivity