Consistency of spectroscopic factors from (e,e'p) reactions at different momentum transfers

The possibility to extract relevant information on spectroscopic factors from (e,e$'$p) reactions at high $Q^2$ is studied. Recent ${}^{16}$O(e,e$'$p) data at $Q^2 = 0.8$ (GeV/$c)^2$ are compared to a theoretical approach which includes an eikonal description of the final-state interaction of the proton, a microscopic nuclear matter calculation of the damping of this proton, and high-quality quasihole wave functions for $p$-shell nucleons in ${}^{16}{\rm O}$. Good agreement with the $Q^2 = 0.8$ (GeV/$c)^2$ data is obtained when spectroscopic factors are employed which are identical to those required to describe earlier low $Q^2$ experiments.Comment: 17 pages, 6 figures in .eps format, submitted to Phys. Rev.

Law and Institutions in the Shire

Examines the evidence in Tolkien’s writings to construct a history of the Shire as a social and political entity. Considers this another example of Tolkien’s ability to imbue his Secondary World with a feeling of reality

Reviews

Poems by J.R.R. Tolkien. J.R.R. Tolkien. Reviewed by Glen GoodKnight. Tolkien\u27s Middle-Earth: A Book of 20 Postcards. Art by John Howe, Roger Garland, Alan Lee, and Ted Nasmith. Reviewed by Glen GoodKnight. Tolkien\u27s Dragons & Monsters: A Book of 20 Postcards. Art by Alan Lee, John Howe, Ted Nasmith, Roger Garland, Inger Edelfeldt, and Carol Emery Phenix. Reviewed by Glen GoodKnight. Morgoth\u27s Ring: the Later Silmarillion, Part One, The Legends of Aman. J.R.R. Tolkien; Edited by Christopher Tolkien. Reviewed by Glen GoodKnight. Planets in Peril: A Critical Study of C.S. Lewis\u27s Ransom Trilogy. David C. Downing. Reviewed by Nancy-Lou Patterson. Poems and Stories. J.R.R. Tolkien; Illustrated by Pauline Baynes. Reviewed by Glen GoodKnight. Bloodtaking and Peacemaking: Feud, Law, and Society in Saga Iceland. William Ian Miller. Reviewed by William H. Stoddard. A Private Celebration of Dorothy L. Sayers\u27 Centenary. Joe R. Christopher. Reviewed by Nancy-Lou Patterson. Shadowlands. William Nicholson. Reviewed by Glen GoodKnight

Fecal Bacteria Survival and Infiltration through a Shallow Agricultural Soil: Timing and Tillage Effects

Human and livestock exposure to fecal pathogens via contaminated surface or groundwater is an important water quality concern for soils receiving animal wastes. The effects of manure application timing (spring or fall application) and soil management (no-tillage or conservation tillage) on fecal bacteria infiltration through shallow karst soils in central Kentucky (the Bluegrass region) have not been evaluated. We performed a field experiment to measure fecal coliforms and fecal streptococci in leachate from dairy manure-amended no-tillage and conservation tillage soils. Manure significantly increased fecal bacteria in leachate compared with unmanured treatments. After manure application, the leachate that collected in zero-tension lysimeters 90 cm below the soil surface contained up to 6 × 104fecal coliforms/100 mL and generally exceeded 3 × 103 fecal coliforms/100 mL. Neither the timing nor the tillage method significantly affected fecal coliform concentrations in leachate. Fecal bacteria in leachate declined to nondetectable levels within 60 d of manure application. In the well structured soil used in this experiment, fecal bacteria moved below the crop root zone whenever there was rainfall of sufficient duration or intensity to cause flow after manure application. Manure application to no-tillage soil in spring did not accelerate water contamination by fecal coliforms relative to fall manure applications. No-tillage did not accelerate water contamination by fecal coliforms relative to tilled soils. The potential for groundwater contamination depended on soil structure and water flow more than on fecal bacteria survival at the soil surface

The American Criminal Code: General Defenses

There are fifty-two bodies of criminal law in the United States. Each stakes out often diverse positions on a range of issues. This article defines the “American rule” for each of the issues relating to general defenses, a first contribution towards creating an “American Criminal Code.” The article is the result of a several-year research project examining every issue relating to justification, excuse, and non-exculpatory defenses. It determines the majority American position among the fifty-two jurisdictions, and formulates statutory language for each defense that reflects that majority rule. The article also compares and contrasts the majority position to significant minority positions, to the Model Penal Code, and to the National Commission’s proposed code. Using these results, in focusing on the most controversial justification defense, Defense of Persons, the article then compares patterns among the states on legal issues with a wide range of other variables—such as state population, racial characteristics, violent crime rates, and gun ownership—highlighting many interesting correlations. Applying this kind of doctrinal correlation analysis to all of the project’s existing data would be a major undertaking. The goal here is to show how such analysis can be done, and how interesting the revealed patterns can be

Impaired object tracking in children with chromosome 22q11.2 deletion syndrome

Background: Chromosome 22q11.2 Deletion Syndrome (22q11.2DS) occurs in approximately 1:4,000 live births with a complex and variable presentation that includes medical, socioemotional and psychological symptoms with intellectual impairment. Cognitive impairments in spatiotemporal and visuospatial attention have also been reported. However, maintenance of selective attention to dynamic and interacting objects has not been systematically investigated in children with 22q11.2DS. Methods: We used a multiple object tracking task to assay capacity and resolution performance of children with 22q11.2DS aged 7 to 14 years versus age-matched typically developing (TD) peers. Results: Children with 22q11.2DS but not TD children demonstrated impaired performance when task demands increased due to an increase in the number of targets presented, but not from an increase in object speed. Task performance in children with 22q11.2DS was also unrelated to intelligence or measures of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder. Conclusions: These findings suggest that children with 22q11.2DS may be particularly susceptible to dynamic crowding of objects with increasing cognitive demands related to monitoring multiple targets reflecting a reduced acuity in spatiotemporal cognitive representation

The American Criminal Code: General Defenses

There are fifty-two bodies of criminal law in the United States. Each stakes out often diverse positions on a range of issues. This article defines the “American rule” for each of the issues relating to general defenses, a first contribution towards creating an “American Criminal Code.” The article is the result of a several-year research project examining every issue relating to justification, excuse, and non-exculpatory defenses. It determines the majority American position among the fifty-two jurisdictions, and formulates statutory language for each defense that reflects that majority rule. The article also compares and contrasts the majority position to significant minority positions, to the Model Penal Code, and to the National Commission’s proposed code. Using these results, in focusing on the most controversial justification defense, Defense of Persons, the article then compares patterns among the states on legal issues with a wide range of other variables—such as state population, racial characteristics, violent crime rates, and gun ownership—highlighting many interesting correlations. Applying this kind of doctrinal correlation analysis to all of the project’s existing data would be a major undertaking. The goal here is to show how such analysis can be done, and how interesting the revealed patterns can be