Intermittency analysis of high-lift airfoil with slat cove fillers

Experimental measurements were carried out to assess the aeroacoustic characteristics of 30P30N airfoil fitted with two different types of slat cove fillers at the aeroacoustic facility at the University of Bristol. The results are presented for the angle of attack α = 18◦ at a free-stream velocity of U∞ = 30 m/s which corresponds to a chord-based Reynolds number of Rec = 7 × 10◦ . Simultaneous measurements of the unsteady surface pressure were made at several locations in the vicinity of slat cove and at the far-field location to gain a deeper understanding of the slat noise generation mechanism. The results are analyzed using a higher-order statistical approach to determine the nature of the broadband hump seen at low-frequency for the 30P30N high-lift airfoil observed in recent studies and also to further understand the tone generation mechanism within the slat cavity. A series of cross-correlation and coherence of the unsteady pressure measurements are carried out to identify and isolate the low-frequency hump. Wavelet analysis is performed to investigate the nature of the slat-wing resonant intermittent events in both time and frequency domains. The far-field noise measurement results showed that significant noise reduction can be achieved by the use of slat cove fillers. A series of far-field and near-field correlation are also presented to show the propagated noise from the slat.5s

Definitions and incidence of cardiac syndrome X: review and analysis of clinical data

There is no consensus regarding the definition of cardiac syndrome X (CSX). We systematically reviewed recent literature using a standardized search strategy. We included 57 articles. A total of 47 studies mentioned a male/female distribution. A meta-analysis yielded a pooled proportion of females of 0.56 (n = 1,934 patients, with 95% confidence interval: 0.54–0.59). As much as 9 inclusion criteria and 43 exclusion criteria were found in the 57 articles. Applying these criteria to a population with normal coronary angiograms and treated in 1 year at a general hospital, the attributable CSX incidence varied between 3 and 11%. The many inclusion and exclusion criteria result in a wide range of definitions of CSX and these have large effects on the incidence. This shows the need for a generally accepted definition of CSX

Coronary CT Angiography: Evaluation of Stenosis and Occlusion

Once an atherosclerotic plaque has been identified and properly characterized by means of coronary CT angiography (CTA), the next step is to define the extent of atherosclerotic involvement, i.e., significant reduction of the lumen by stenosis or complete occlusion of the vessel. A reduction in the caliber of the vessel lumen is associated with a reduction in blood flow and may have significant hemodynamic consequences; however, an important and clearly evident parietal atherosclerotic plaque may be present without significantly reducing lumen caliber. Thus, an exact definition of the extent of lumen reduction by means of coronary CTA is very important from a clinical point of view. In most cases, this diagnostic procedure is employed in not highly symptomatic patients (in patients in whom there is strong clinical suspicion of coronary disease, catheter angiography is directly performed); then, depending on the results of the clinical examination, a decision is made as to whether a more invasive approach (catheter angiographsy) is required. This decision depends at least in part on the significance of the vessel stenosis. Both the aim and the key role of coronary CTA are to differentiate patients with normal coronary vessels from those with limited atherosclerotic involvement without evidence of stenosis (who may benefit from supportive drug therapy) and from those with significant stenosis. In this latter group, catheter coronary angiography may confirm the significance of the disease and define the therapeutic approach. The direct evidence of arterial stenosis provided by coronary CTA yields additional information. For example, a stenosis > 70% causes a significant hemodynamic reduction of vascular flow. Completely asymptomatic patients, with negative treadmill tests, may present with important and significant stenosis of one or more coronary arteries but with an overall reduction in flow that is less than the 70% threshold. In clinical practice, a stenosis is considered significant when the vessel caliber is reduced by > 50%. Thus, the goal is to interpret coronary CTA images such that the level of stenotic vascular involvement is precisely determined