868 research outputs found

    Moedertaal en Taalpolitiek bij Herder: over de taalfilosofische grond van Herders taalnationalisme

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    Helder de Schutter studeerde linguïstiek en filosofie te Leuven. Zijn afstudeeronderwerp in de wijsbegeerte had als titel ‘Multiculturalisme en gelijkheid: op zoek naar een rechtvaardige omgang met culturele verschillen; Een politiek-filosofische reflectie over België als multinationale staat’. Zijn huidige onderzoek handelt over linguïstische rechtvaardigheid, waarbij het element ‘moedertaal’ binnen het multiculturalisme wordt geanalyseerd vanuit een rechtvaardigheidsperspectief.In mijn proefschrift analyseer ik hoe veel van onze hedendaagse overtuigingen over het belang van moedertaal en linguïstische diversiteit geïnspireerd en gedreven worden door enkele historische posities uit de taalfilosofie. Concreet sta ik in deze bijdrage stil bij de rol die Johann Gottfried Herder gespeeld heeft in de ontstaansgeschiedenis van het idee dat moedertalen van belang zijn en daarom beschermd moeten worden. Mijn bijdrage bestaat uit drie delen. In het eerste deel analyseer ik Herders normatieve visie op de rol van taal en nationaliteit in de politieke sfeer en reconstrueer ik zijn taalfilosofische inbedding van die taalpolitiek. Ten tweede argumenteer ik dat Herder met deze verdediging van moedertalen – die te onderscheiden valt van zowel een atomistisch-instrumentele als van een republikeinse visie op taal en taalpolitiek – een cruciale stap zet in de historische ontwikkeling van het idee dat moedertalen moreel-politiek van belang zijn. Ten derde toon ik aan dat Herders visie heel wat hedendaagse discussies blijft inspireren, door te analyseren hoezeer en in welk opzicht zijn taalbegrip blijft doorwerken in de politieke filosofie van het multiculturalisme die recent door filosofen als Will Kymlicka en Charles Taylor ontwikkeld werd

    Autogenous shrinkage of low water-binder ratio cement pastes with supplementary cementitious materials

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    High-performance cementitious materials are sensitive to early age cracking, mainly due to the large magnitude of autogenous shrinkage, which is closely related to the internal relative humidity (RH) decrease and capillary pressure induced by self-desiccation in the cement matrix. However, there is debate about the determination of time-zero, the time at which autogenous shrinkage begins to develop, which causes great difficulty in comparing the results provided in the exiting researches. This study presents an accurate determination of time-zero based on the relationship between the internal RH and autogenous shrinkage of cementitious materials. According to the time-zero, the effect of replacements of cement by supplementary cementitious materials on the autogenous shrinkage was investigated for the early age cement pastes with low water/binder ratio. The autogenous shrinkage was conducted according to the standard method ASTM C1698. Internal RH was performed on the sealed cement pastes at very early age by conventional method of hygrometer. Setting time was determined by the Vicat needle apparatus according to the standard method ASTM C191. The results could potentially explain the mechanism of autogenous shrinkage at early age in mixtures with supplementary cementitious materials

    Irregular screening participation increases advanced stage breast cancer at diagnosis:A population-based study

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    Objective: To evaluate the effect of irregular screening behaviour on the risk of advanced stage breast cancer at diagnosis in Flanders. Methods: All women aged 50–69 who were invited to the organized breast cancer screening and diagnosed with breast cancer before age 72 from 2001 to 2018 were included. All prevalent screen and interval cancers within 2 years of a prevalent screen were excluded. Screening behaviour was categorized based on the number of invitations and performed screenings. Four groups were defined: regular, irregular, only-once, and never attenders. Advanced stage cancer was defined as a stage III + breast cancer. The association between screening regularity and breast cancer stage at diagnosis was evaluated in multivariable logistic regression models, taking age of diagnosis and socio-economic status into account. Results: In total 13.5% of the 38,005 breast cancer cases were diagnosed at the advanced stage. Compared to the regular attenders, the risk of advanced stage breast cancer for the irregular attenders, women who participated only-once, and never attenders was significantly higher with ORadjusted:1.17 (95%CI:1.06–1.29) and ORadjusted:2.18 (95%CI:1.94–2.45), and ORadjusted:5.95 (95%CI:5.33–6.65), respectively. Conclusions: In our study, never attenders were nearly six times more likely to be diagnosed with advanced stage breast cancer than regular attenders, which was much higher than the estimates published thus far. An explanation for this is that the ever screened women is a heterogeneous group regarding the participation profiles which also includes irregular and only-once attenders. The benefit of regular screening should be informed to all women invited for screening
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