Characteristics of Waste Plastics Pyrolytic Oil and Its Applications as Alternative Fuel on Four Cylinder Diesel Engines

Waste plastics recycling using pyrolysis method is not only able to decrease a number of environment pollutant but also able to produce economical and high quality hydrocarbon products. Two experiments were conducted to completely study Waste Plastic Pyrolytic Oil (WPPO) characteristics and its applications. First experiment investigated oil characteristics derived from pyrolysis process in two stages batch reactors: pyrolysis and catalytic reforming reactor, at maximum temperature 500oC and 450oC respectively. Waste Polyethylene (PE), Polypropylene (PP), Polystyrene (PS), Polyethylene Terepthalate (PET) and others were used as raw material. Nitrogen flow rate at 0.8 l/minutes was used to increase oil weight percentage. Indonesian natural zeolite was used as catalyst. Then, second experiment was carried out on Diesel Engine Test Bed (DETB) used blending of WPPO and Biodiesel fuel with a volume ratio of 1:9. This experiment was specifically conducted to study how much potency of blending of WPPO and biodiesel in diesel engine. The result of first experiment showed that the highest weight percentage of WPPO derived from mixture of PE waste (50%wt), PP waste (40%wt) and PS waste (10%wt) is 45.13%wt. The more weight percentage of PE in feedstock effected on the less weight percentage of WPPO, the more percentage of C12-C20 content in WPPO and the higher calorific value of WPPO. Characteristics of WPPO such as, Specific Gravity, Flash point, Pour Point, Kinematic Viscosity, Calorific value and percentage of C12-C20 showed interesting result that WPPO could be developed as alternative fuel on diesel fuel blending due to the proximity of their characteristics. Performance of diesel engine using blending of WPPO and biodiesel on second experiment gave good result so the WPPO will have great potency to be valuable alternative liquid fuel in future, especially on stationary diesel engine and transportation engine application

Pirolisis Campuran Sampah Plastik Polistirena Dengan Sampah Plastik Berlapisan Aluminium Foil (Multilayer)

Sampah plastik yang dulunya merupakan masalah lingkungan, saat ini dapat diubah menjadi bahan bakar alternatif dengan menggunakan proses daur ulang yang memanfaatkan energi panas yaitu pirolisis. Analisis yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah analisis terhadap minyak (liquid) yang dihasilkan dari pirolisis sampah plastik Polistitren (PS), plastik berlapisan aluminium foil (kemasan/ multilayer) (AL) dan campuran plastik tersebut. Penelitian ini dilakukan untuk mendapatkan kuantitas produk dan senyawa kimia yang dihasilkan dari pirolisis sampah plastic PS, kemasan dan campuran keduanya. Penelitian dilakukan dengan menempatkan 50 gram PS (PS), 50 gram plastik berlapisan aluminium foil (AL) (multi layer),dan PS dengan campuran 10%, 20%, 30%, 40% AL didalam reaktor pirolisis yang terbuat dari stainless steel berbentuk silinder dengan volume 0,96 m3 dengan temperatur akhir 450oC. hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa semakin banyak penambahan Plastik berlapisan aluminium foil maka semakin cepat naiknya temperatur mencapai titik optimum yang ditetapkan (450oC). Sedangkan senyawa kimia yang dihasilkan pada pirolisis yang mengandung PS sebagian besar berupa senyawa aromatic, sedangkan pada pirolisis AL sebagian besar berupa senyawa olefin

Optimasi Proses Pembuatan Briket Biomassa Menggunakan Metode Taguchi Guna Memenuhi Kebutuhan Bahan Bakar Alternatif Yang Ramah Lingkungan (Optimization of Biomass Briquettes Production Process Using Taguchi Method)

Permasalahan yang dihadapi pembuat dan pengguna briket adalah briket yang dihasilkan kualitasnya rendah ditinjau dari nilai kalor. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah menentukan kualitas briket terbaik dari limbah biomassa dalam memenuhi kebutuhan bahan bakar alternatif rumah tangga yang murah dan ramah lingkungan guna mewujudkan masyarakat mandiri energi. Metode yang digunakan untuk menentukan kualitas briket adalah metode Taguchi. Variabel bebas dalam penelitian ini adalah tekanan pengepressan, waktu penahanan, model cetakan, suhu pengeringan, lama pengeringan dan komposisi bahan, sedangkan variabel terikat adalah nilai kalor briket. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa kualitas briket terbaik ditinjau dari nilai kalor tertinggi yaitu pada setting parameter A2B1C2D2E2F1, artinya tekanan pengepressan 225 kg/cm2, waktu penahanan 5 menit, model cetakan sarang tawon (kotak), suhu pengeringan 60 °C, lama pengeringan 3 hari, perbandingan limbah jarak pagar : arang sekam : arang tempurung kelapa : perekat adalah 5 : 3: 2 : 1. Rata-rata nilai kalor biobriket yang dihasilkan sebesar 5.323 kal/g. Hal ini menunjukkan bahwa briket mempunyai nilai kalor yang tinggi dan memenuhi SNI, sehingga briket layak untuk memenuhi kebutuhan bahan bakar alternatif yang ramah lingkungan

Experimental and Numerical Simulation Investigation of Single-Phase Natural Circulation in A Large Scale Rectangular Loop

In order to anticipate station blackout, the use of safety system based on passive features is highly considered in advanced nuclear power plant designs, especially after the Fukushima Dai-ichi nuclear power station accident. An example is the application of natural circulation in the emergency cooling system. To study the reliability of such an application, a research project on natural circulation was carried out. This paper describes the investigation results on the natural circulation phenomena obtained using a large rectangular experimental loop named FASSIP-01. The experiments were conducted at two different heat source powers. The experimental results are analysed using existing correlation and numerical model simulation. The RELAP5 system code is applied to model the natural circulation. FLUENT computational fluid dynamic code is used to visualize the flow distribution. The experimental results show the establishment of stable natural circulation in all heat power input with the mass flow rate of about 0.0012 kg/s. Calculation using the existing correlation shows that the experimental Reynold numbers are lower than predicted by the correlation. The computational fluid dynamics-based tool could show the three dimensional distribution of the temperature, while the model of RELAP5 predict well the dynamic of the single-phase natural circulation established in the experimental loop. It is concluded that the stable natural circulation have been established in the large rectangular loop and the model of the RELAP5 could simulate the observed natural circulation phenomenon reasonably well