Ultrasound Image Denoising using Multiscale Ridgelet Transform with Hard and NeighCoeff Thresholding

Ultrasound imaging utilizes sound waves reflected from different organs of the body to give local details and important diagnostic information on the human body. However, using ultrasound images for diagnosis is difficult because of the existence of speckle noise in the image. The speckle noise is due to interference between coherent waves which are backscattered by targeted surfaces and arrive out of phase at the sensor. This hampers the perception and the extraction of fine details from the image. Speckle reduction/filtering i.e. visual enhancement techniques are used for enhancing the visual quality of the images. The multscale ridgelet transform based denoising algorithm for Ultrasound images is proposed for effective edge preservation in comparison to filtering techniques using the Adaptive Filters

The Effects of Anterior Versus Inferior Glide in Improving Functional Activity of the Shoulder in Patients with Adhesive Capsulitis

BACKGROUND: Adhesive Capsulitis is a term used to describe an insidious onset of pain and movement restriction in the glenohumeral joint. The shoulder is a complex anatomical structure that allows movement in many planes and crucial for activities of daily living. Decreased shoulder mobility is a serious clinical finding. The various syonymous for Adhesive Capsulitis are Adhesive capsulitis, pericapsulitis, scapula-humeral periarthritis, and humeroscapular fibrocitis, and periarthritis, stiff and painful shoulder. The term Adhesive Capsulitis was coined by Codmann in 1934. Nevaiser in 1945 coined the term adhesive capsulitis. Duplay in 1872 was first credited with describing the painful stiff shoulder referring to the condition as humero-scapular periarthritis secondary to sub acromial bursitis. AIM OF THE STUDY: The aim of the study is to find out the effects of anterior versus inferior glide in improving functional activity of the shoulder in patients with Adhesive Capsulitis. OBJECTIVES: 1. To study the effectiveness of anterior glide in improving external rotation range of motion in Adhesive Capsulitis. 2. To study the effectiveness of inferior glide in improving external rotation range of motion in Adhesive Capsulitis. 3. To compare the effectiveness of anterior glide and inferior glide in improving external rotation range of motion in Adhesive Capsulitis population. MATERIALS AND METHODLOGY: STUDY DESIGN: Experimental study design. STUDY POPULATION: Patients with Adhesive Capsulitis. SAMPLE SIZES: Sample size is 30 subjects: Group A-15 patients, Group B-15 patients. SAMPLING TECHNIQUE: Selected subjects were randomly allocated in to two groups by using lot method. STUDY SETTINGS: Ashwin Hospital, Coimbatore. STUDY DURATION: The study duration was about 6 Months. SELECTION CRITERIA: INCLUSION CRITERIA: 1. Diagnosed primary idiopathic adhesive capsulitis/frozen shoulder. 2. Age: 40-60 years. 3. Patients having painful stiff shoulder at least for 3 months. 4. Unilateral condition. 5. Both male and female patients, Both left and right handed peoples. EXCLUSION CRITERIA: 1. Previous shoulder surgeries to the affected shoulder, neck and elbow. 2. Secondary adhesive capsulitis Eg: fractures around shoulders. 3. Shoulder girdle motor control deficits associated with neurological disorders Eg: stroke, parkinson's disease. 4. Injection with cortico steroids in the affected shoulder in the preceding 4 weeks. CONCLUSION: The objective of the study was to find out the effect of anterior glide versus inferior glide in patients with Adhesive Capsulitisis. The thirty subjects with Adhesive Capsulitis patients were selected based on the inclusion and exclusion criteria. The subjects were divided into two groups Group-A and Group-B each group consist 15 subjects in each. Group-A subjects received anterior glide along with home exercises are given. Group-B: 15 subjects received inferior glide along with home exercises for 6 weeks, 4 sessions per week assessed every two weeks 2, 4, 6 weeks respectively. Universal Goniometer and VAS scale should be used. All the values were tabulated and statistically analyzed by using paired, unpaired t-test. Paired t-test is used to compare data set within the groups and unpaired t-test is used to compare the data set between the groups. This concludes that anterior glide was given in this study was found to be effective in improving shoulder range of motion and reducing pain than inferior glide

Towards Asteroid Detection in Microlensing Surveys with Deep Learning

Asteroids are an indelible part of most astronomical surveys though only a few surveys are dedicated to their detection. Over the years, high cadence microlensing surveys have amassed several terabytes of data while scanning primarily the Galactic Bulge and Magellanic Clouds for microlensing events and thus provide a treasure trove of opportunities for scientific data mining. In particular, numerous asteroids have been observed by visual inspection of selected images. This paper presents novel deep learning-based solutions for the recovery and discovery of asteroids in the microlensing data gathered by the MOA project. Asteroid tracklets can be clearly seen by combining all the observations on a given night and these tracklets inform the structure of the dataset. Known asteroids were identified within these composite images and used for creating the labelled datasets required for supervised learning. Several custom CNN models were developed to identify images with asteroid tracklets. Model ensembling was then employed to reduce the variance in the predictions as well as to improve the generalisation error, achieving a recall of 97.67%. Furthermore, the YOLOv4 object detector was trained to localize asteroid tracklets, achieving a mean Average Precision (mAP) of 90.97%. These trained networks will be applied to 16 years of MOA archival data to find both known and unknown asteroids that have been observed by the survey over the years. The methodologies developed can be adapted for use by other surveys for asteroid recovery and discovery.Comment: 11 pages, 10 figures, submitted to Astronomy and Computin

CONCEPTUAL STUDY OF THE EFFECT OF MADHU IN NEONATAL PAIN MANAGEMENT

New born under go various minor procedures like venipuncture for various purposes. The ability of neonates to perceive pain and to react is fully or nearly fully developed in the neonatal period as most of the anatomical pathways and neurotransmitter necessary for pain perception are developed. The prevention of pain is important not only because it is an ethical expectation but also because repeated painful exposures can have deleterious consequences. Procedural pain causes physiological changes in the body of a neonate, where an inflammatory response to the damaged tissues is initiated, while a stress response induces hormonal and metabolic changes affecting stability of the homeostasis.An Ayurvedic approach should be considered in the field of Kaumarbhritya for Vedanasthapan in newborn as an alternative or better medicine than common available modern drugs.According to Ayurveda, pain is initiated by Vata and activities of Vata are mainly perceived through Rakta Dhatu as illustrated in Charak Samhita. Thus any kind of Aghat will sensitize the pain perception via Rakta Dhatu.Madhu a Shonitsthapan drug with Sandhaniya property is expected to reduce the Raktadushti and eventually reducing the pain perception.This review is carried out with an aim to understand the pain perception mechanism in Ayurvedic principle and to formulate Ayurvedic management protocol. The presentation of neonatal pain management is critically reviewed from various database and classical texts

Formulation Design and Optimization of Sustained Release Tablet of Ambroxol hydrochloride

A sustained release matrix formulation for Ambroxol hydrochloride was designed and developed to achieve a 12 h release profile. Using HPMC K15M and Eudragit RSPO as an inert matrix forming agent to control the release of Ambroxol hydrochloride. The matrix tablets for these formulations were prepared by direct compression and their in-vitro release tests were carried out for a period of 12 hours using USP dissolution test apparatus (type I- Basket) at       37±0.5°C and 100 rpm speed. A 32 full factorial design was used for optimization by taking the concentration of HPMC K15M (X1) and Eudragit RSPO (X2) were selected as independent variables, where as initial release at the 2 hrs (Y1, % drug release), release rate at the 8 hrs (Y2,   % drug release) and the concentration of Ambroxol hydrochloride released in 12 hrs (Y3, % drug release) were chosen as dependent variables. The optimized formulation F4 follows Hixon Croswell order release kinetics with non-Fickian diffusion mechanism. From the study, it was concluded that the release of Ambroxol hydrochloride can be effectively sustained using combination of HPMC K15M and Eudragit RSPO

Onychomycosis: dermatophytes to yeasts: an experience in and around Mumbai, Maharashtra, India

Background: Onychomycosis is a fungal nail infection having wide range of prevalence in different geographical regions. It becomes imperative to know prevalent causative agent in local area to improve quality of life of patients. Present study was aimed to study epidemiological, clinical and laboratory aspects of onychomycosisMethods: Study was carried out prospectively at a tertiary care teaching hospital Nail scrapings of 630 clinically suspected cases of onychomycosis over a period of 5 years (January 2012 to December 2016) were subjected to KOH examination and culture.Results: Young adults in age group of 21-40 years (67.61%) were predominantly affected with male to female ratio of 1.8:1. Overall prevalence of onychomycosis of the present study is 58.41%. Yeasts were isolated in 47.86%, dermatophytes in 30.71% and non dermatophytic filamentous fungi in 21.43%Conclusions: Present study demonstrates a shift in causative agents from dermatophytes to yeasts.