Fizikalni mehanizmi i metode u tumorskim terapijama i prijenosu lijekova do tumora

In addition to several well-known drug delivery strategies developed to facilitate effective chemotherapy with anticancer agents, some new approaches have been recently established, based on specific effects arising from the applications of ultrasound, magnetic and electric fields on drug delivery systems. This paper gives an overview of newly developed methods of drug delivery to tumors and of the related anticancer therapies based on the combined use of different physical methods and specific drug carriers. The conventional strategies and new approaches have been put into perspective to revisit the existing and to propose new directions to overcome the threatening problem of cancer diseases.Osim dobro poznatih metoda prijenosa lijekova u kemoterapijskom pristupu liječenja tumora, nedavno su otkriveni novi načini prijenosa koji se zasnivaju na specifičnim mehanizmima uzrokovanim upotrebom ultrazvuka, magnetskih i električnih polja. Članak sadrži prikaz fizikalnih mehanizama na kojima se temelje ove nove metode, kao i pregled novootkrivenih prijenosnika lijekova (Pluronske micele, magnetoliposomi, magnetski fluidi), novih terapija tumora (magnetska hipertermija, elektrokemoterapija) i najnovijih istraživanja temeljenih na fizikalnom pristupu ovoj problematici

AlCl3-DMF reagent in the Friedel-Crafts reaction. Application to the synthesis of symmetrical benzophenone derivatives

Synthesis of series of symmetrical benzophenone derivatives by C-alkylation reaction of 2(3H)-benzoxazolone and 2 (3H)-benzothiazolone with carbon tetrachloride in presence of AlCl3-DMF reagent is reported

AlCl3-DMF reagent in the Friedel-Crafts reaction. The behaviour of omega-halogenoacid chlorides

2(3H)-benzoxazolones or 2(3H)-benzothiazolones react at 70-75 degrees C with omega-halogenoacyl chlorides in the presence the AlCl3-DMF complex to produce the expected ketones in 55-88 % yield. Treatment of a 2(3H)-benzoxazolone or 2(3H)-benzothiazolone by 4-chlorobutyryl chloride produced an alcohol derivative, presumably via an anchimeric participation of the 6-acyl carbonyl moiety

Effects of Dietary N-6/n-3 Ratios On Lipid and Prostaglandin-e2 Metabolism in Rat Gastric-mucosa

The effects of increased dietary n - 3 polyunsaturated fatty acids on gastric mucosal lipid metabolism were studied in rats fed for 8 weeks with different combinations of fish and corn oils. Lipid composition, ex vivo prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) production and enzymatic activities involved in phospholipid metabolism and peroxisomal oxidative catabolism of fatty acids and PGE2 were examined. With dietary n - 6/n - 3 compositional ratios ranging between 75 and 3.3 it was observed that: (i) the arachidonic acid-to-eicosapentaenoic acid ratio (AA/EPA) fell from infinity to 3.1 and 5.1 in phosphatidylcholines (PC) and phosphatidylethanolamines (PE), respectively; (ii) ex vivo production of PGE2 was lowered by a factor of about 2; and (iii) gastric phospholipase A2 activity was enhanced by 32%. With dietary n - 6/n - 3 ratios lower than 3.3, stimulation of PGE2-CoA oxidase activity was observed whilst the PGE2 level remained constant. These data suggest that the fish oil-induced decrease in ex vivo PGE2 production is more closely related to a decrease in the membrane AA level than to an enhanced oxidative catabolism of PGE2