Quasi-Phase Matched Surface Emitting Second Harmonic Generation In Poled Polymer Waveguides

Quasi-phase matched (QPM) surface emitting second harmonic generation was demonstrated with nonlinear/linear multilayer waveguides in poled polymer based devices. The nonlinear/linear multilayer film was fabricated with a 4-dimethylamino-4\u27-nitrostilbene (DANS) side chain polymer and a cross-linkable clear polymer. Large efficiency improvement was observed with a combination of QPM and strong field parallel poling

3Rd-Order Nonlinearity Of 4-Dialkylamino-4\u27Nitro-Stilbene Wave-Guides At 1319 Nm

The intensity dependent optical properties of 4-dialkylamino-4\u27nitro-stilbene polymer channel waveguides were measured at 1319 nm with a pulse modulated Mach-Zehnder interferometer to be n2 = 0.8 x 10(-13) cm2/W and beta2 \u3c 0.08 cm/GW. This material is promising for all-optical switching at 1319 nm because it satisfies both the W and T figures of merit

2Nd-Harmonic Generation By Counter Propagating Beams In 4-Dimethylamino-4\u27-Nitrostilbene Side-Chain Polymer Channel Wave-Guides

We demonstrate surface emitted second harmonic generation due to mixing of counter propagating waves in in-plane poled, low loss, channel waveguides of 4-dimethylamino-4\u27-nitrostilbene (DANS) side-chain polymers. Single film DANS side-chain polymer waveguides yield high conversion efficiency devices

RINL, Guanine Nucleotide Exchange Factor Rab5-Subfamily, Is Involved in the EphA8-Degradation Pathway with Odin

The Rab family of small guanosine triphosphatases (GTPases) plays a vital role in membrane trafficking. Its active GTP-bound state is driven by guanine nucleotide-exchange factors (GEFs). Ras and Rab interactor (or Ras interaction/interference)-like (RINL), which contains a conserved VPS9 domain critical for GEF action, was recently identified as a new Rab5 subfamily GEF in vitro. However, its detailed function and interacting molecules have not yet been fully elucidated. Here we found that RINL has GEF activity for the Rab5 subfamily proteins by measuring their GTP-bound forms in cultured cells. We also found that RINL interacts with odin, a member of the ankyrin-repeat and sterile-alpha motif (SAM) domain-containing (Anks) protein family. In addition, the Eph tyrosine kinase receptor EphA8 formed a ternary complex with both RINL and odin. Interestingly, RINL expression in cultured cells reduced EphA8 levels in a manner dependent on both its GEF activity and interaction with odin. In addition, knockdown of RINL increased EphA8 level in HeLa cells. Our findings suggest that RINL, as a GEF for Rab5 subfamily, is implicated in the EphA8-degradation pathway via its interaction with odin

Challenges facing an understanding of the nature of low-energy excited states in photosynthesis

© 2016 Elsevier B.V. While the majority of the photochemical states and pathways related to the biological capture of solar energy are now well understood and provide paradigms for artificial device design, additional low-energy states have been discovered in many systems with obscure origins and significance. However, as low-energy states are naively expected to be critical to function, these observations pose important challenges. A review of known properties of low energy states covering eight photochemical systems, and options for their interpretation, are presented. A concerted experimental and theoretical research strategy is suggested and outlined, this being aimed at providing a fully comprehensive understanding

Cerebral Glucose Utilization in Normal and Demented Subjects - A Quantitative Measurement using 18F-2-Fluoro-Deoxy-Glucose and Positron Emission Tomography

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