Effects of Vaporized Nicotine on Resting Metabolic Rate and Physical Work Capacity

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Duration of Fipronil and Imidacloprid Gel Baits Toxicity against Blattella germanica Strains of Iran

The current study was conducted to investigate the duration of fipronil and imidacloprid gel baits toxicity against Ger-man cockroach strains in Iran during 2003-2004. In order to conduct this study, nine German cockroach strains were used. Newly emerged adult male German cockroaches starved for one scotophase (12 h), and ingested fipronil and imidacloprid gel baits for 2 h. After the given time was over, the bait was removed and replaced with mouse pellet. Mortality was re-corded at 12 intervals for 144 h (6 days). Mortality data of the replicates were pooled and was tested using probit analysis. Both gel baits were toxic to adult male German cockroaches. In the ingested bait method, the susceptible strain showed LT50 of 47.1 and 11.3 h for fipronil and imidacloprid gel baits, respectively, and the average LT90 was 74.2 and 19.3 h, respec¬tively. LT50 of the feral German cockroach strains varied 14.9 h from 30.5 to 45.4 h and 4.4 h from 12.4 to 16.8 h for fipronil and imidacloprid gel baits, respectively. All German cockroach strains showed a similar susceptibility to fipronil and imidacloprid gel baits, compared with the susceptible laboratory strain. The steep slopes of ingested bait mortality curves indicated that the feral German cockroach strains were homogenous to fipronil and imidacloprid ingested gel baits. These results suggest that fipronil and imidacloprid gel baits appear to have considerable potential as a bait for insecticide-resistant strains of German cockroach

Rapid Elimination of German Cockroach, Blatella germanica, by Fipronil and Imidacloprid Gel Baits

Background: Baits have become popular and effective formulations against urban insect pests. Compared with re­sidual sprays toxic gel baits are used more and more frequently to control urban cockroach populations. The aim of this study was to investigate the usage of two commercially available fipronil and imidacloprid gel bait formulations against Blattella germanica field infested in Iran. Methods:  The study was carried out in an urban area at Tehran from March 2004 to September 2005. The 0.05% fipronil and 2.15% imidacloprid gel baits were placed continuously in 3 residential German cockroach infested units. Pre- and post-treatment cockroach density was assessed by visual count method. Results: Pre- and post-treatment visual count of cockroaches in treatment and control areas, and percentage reduc­tion in cockroach density in treatment areas in comparison to control areas was showed that density reduction was increased with the 0.05% fipronil and 2.15% imidacloprid gel baits in treated areas from 1st to 9th week in compari­son to control area. After 60 days, German cockroaches eliminated completely from these areas. Conclusion: These results show that fipronil and imidacloprid gel baits are highly effective in field German cock­roach infested after insecticide spraying control failure German cockroach infested fields where spraying  of pyrethroid insecticides failed to control the situation and confirm previous  reports stating that avermectin and hydramethylnon are more effective than conventional insecticides in baits against cockroaches. Therefore, fipronil and imidacloprid gel baits are appropriate candidates for controlling German cockroach infested dwellings in Iran where control with other insectices failed because of resistance

Decreasing of the activation energy of TiO2 nanoparticles by applying ultrasound waves using the sol-gel method

 In this letter, titanium dioxide nanoparticles (TiO2) were synthesized via a sol-gel method and combining titanium tetrachloride (TiCl4) and ethanol. The activation energy was investigated on the phase transformation from anatase to rutile in the presence and absence of ultrasound waves. The anatase nanocrystallites were only crystallized up to the calcination of 500 º C. By increasing the calcination in the region after 500 º C, rutile nanocrystallites grew in samples, and mixed-phase TiO2 nanoparticles were obtained. Our results show that applying ultrasound waves decreases both onset transition temperature and the activation energy of the phase transformation from anatase to rutile. The activation energy showed a considerable reduction at about 18.5 KJ/mol by applying the ultrasound waves

Determine the Effect of a Mindfulness Training on Marital Satisfaction and Obsessive - Compulsive Womenin Yazd

Interduction: Objectives: The main objective of Mindfulness-based cognitive therapy is that thepatientthroughautomaticmonitoringoftheactivitiesofthismentalityled toincreasedawarenessthroughthe creationand utilization of thestate of mindofmindtoberepeatedand Through Exerciseswere alwaysgoing togiveattention toaneutralobject such asthebreath of hisphysicalsensestoseeorthink aboutthoughts and feelings. The purposeof thisstudy was to investigatethe effectof mindfulnesstraininggrouponmarital satisfaction andobsessive-compulsive. Methods: The subjects of the research calls for sampling were selected based on the ENRICH Marital Satisfaction Questionnaire-Short Form questionnaire obsessive - Compulsive Inventory (MOCI) were given to the peopleIn addition ,two clinical tools,the Diagnostic Interview-Based(DSM-IV)disorder,obsessive-compulsive disorder were compared. Community of women who's OCD had six months under treatment were 30 randomly selected subjects in the two were divided into control and experimental groups. The experimental group received eightsessions of mindfulness-based cognitive therapy.At the end of the intervention group were reevaluated using the same tool (post-test). Results: According to our results, premarital satisfaction scores in control group testing, respectively, with 8354/2and1546/3andthepost-test, respectively, 8453/2and3617/3was also the severity of the symptoms of obsessive-compulsive pre-test experimental and control groups, respectively, 5244/and4933/0 and4866respectivelyposttest/0and3822/0. Conclusions:Thistreatmentled toa significantincrease insatisfactionin the experimental groupthan the control group It is. Onmindfulnesstrainingon reducingthe severity of obsessive-compulsiveeffective, but the relationshipwas not significant

Fabrication and evaluation of aptamer-conjugated paclitaxel-loaded magnetic nanoparticles for targeted therapy on breast cancer cells

Targeted drug delivery vehicles make it possible to deliver anti-cancer drugs to the cells or tissues of interest. Aptamers are peptide or oligonucleotide molecules that can serve as targeting elements of drug carriers. In the current study, we evaluated the capacity of an aptamer-based drug carrier to deliver Paclitaxel (PTX) to cancer cells. After being synthesized, SPIONs@PTX-SYL3C aptamer was characterized using different methods, including differential light scattering (DLS), infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), Transmission electron microscopy (TEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), Thermal gravimetric analysis (TGA), and vibrating sample magnetometer (VSM). Encapsulation efficiency (EE) and loading efficiency (LE) were also evaluated. The carrier was applied on 4T1, MCF 7, and MCF-10A breast cell lines to evaluate its drug delivery potency and specificity. EE and LE were calculated to be 77.6 and 7.76, respectively. MTT results revealed that aptameric SPIONs@PTX was more toxic than non-aptameric SPIONs@PTX. Flowcytometry analysis and DAPI staining confirmed that SPIONs@PTX-Aptamer had higher cell internalization rate when compared to non-targeted SPIONs@PTX. Our results indicate that aptamer-conjugated SPIONs@PTX has a good capacity in recognizing its target cells and inhibiting their growth and division. © 2021, The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Nature B.V. part of Springer Nature

Human Extensive Head Skin Myiasis

"nChrysomya bezziana Villeneuve is the most important fly, which produces myiasis, exists as an obligate ectoparasite in the ani­mals, and afflicts human. Poor hygiene and working in contaminated areas particularly during warm seasons provide a situa­tion to infest by this parasite. Infestation in human and livestock are often observed in wounds, normal body orifices such as eyes, ears, nose, and mouth. The manifestations include pruritus, pain, inflammation, redness, eosinophilia, and secon­dary bacterial infections and rarely death. A 5-year-old boy with severe headache and agitation symptoms was fol­lowed up. After physical examination and endoscopy, larvae of third instar fly were obtained from his scalp. Our precise identifica­tion indicated that the flies were the C. bezziana. This is the second report of the human scalp myiasis caused by C. bezziana in Iran. This study confirmed that the old world screwworm fly was distributed in the southern of Iran and proba­bly could be one of the most important agents of myiasis in this area