An integrated cell atlas of the lung in health and disease

Single-cell technologies have transformed our understanding of human tissues. Yet, studies typically capture only a limited number of donors and disagree on cell type definitions. Integrating many single-cell datasets can address these limitations of individual studies and capture the variability present in the population. Here we present the integrated Human Lung Cell Atlas (HLCA), combining 49 datasets of the human respiratory system into a single atlas spanning over 2.4 million cells from 486 individuals. The HLCA presents a consensus cell type re-annotation with matching marker genes, including annotations of rare and previously undescribed cell types. Leveraging the number and diversity of individuals in the HLCA, we identify gene modules that are associated with demographic covariates such as age, sex and body mass index, as well as gene modules changing expression along the proximal-to-distal axis of the bronchial tree. Mapping new data to the HLCA enables rapid data annotation and interpretation. Using the HLCA as a reference for the study of disease, we identify shared cell states across multiple lung diseases, including SPP1 + profibrotic monocyte-derived macrophages in COVID-19, pulmonary fibrosis and lung carcinoma. Overall, the HLCA serves as an example for the development and use of large-scale, cross-dataset organ atlases within the Human Cell Atlas. </p

An integrated cell atlas of the lung in health and disease

Single-cell technologies have transformed our understanding of human tissues. Yet, studies typically capture only a limited number of donors and disagree on cell type definitions. Integrating many single-cell datasets can address these limitations of individual studies and capture the variability present in the population. Here we present the integrated Human Lung Cell Atlas (HLCA), combining 49 datasets of the human respiratory system into a single atlas spanning over 2.4 million cells from 486 individuals. The HLCA presents a consensus cell type re-annotation with matching marker genes, including annotations of rare and previously undescribed cell types. Leveraging the number and diversity of individuals in the HLCA, we identify gene modules that are associated with demographic covariates such as age, sex and body mass index, as well as gene modules changing expression along the proximal-to-distal axis of the bronchial tree. Mapping new data to the HLCA enables rapid data annotation and interpretation. Using the HLCA as a reference for the study of disease, we identify shared cell states across multiple lung diseases, including SPP1+ profibrotic monocyte-derived macrophages in COVID-19, pulmonary fibrosis and lung carcinoma. Overall, the HLCA serves as an example for the development and use of large-scale, cross-dataset organ atlases within the Human Cell Atlas

PARAMETRIC STUDY OF OUTER-BRACE SCFS IN RIGHTANGLE TWO-PLANAR TUBULAR DKT-JOINTS OF OFFSHORE JACKET STRUCTURES

In the present paper, a set of parametric FE stress analyses is carried out for two-planar welded tubular DKT-joints under two different axial load cases. Analysis results are used to present general remarks on the effect of geometrical parameters on the stress concentration factors (SCFs) at the inner saddle, outer saddle, crown toe, and crown heel positions on the main (outer) brace. Based on the results of finite element analyses which are verified against the experimental data, a complete set of SCF database is constructed. Then a new set of SCF parametric equations is developed through nonlinear regression analysis for the fatigue design of two-planar DKT-joints under axial loads. An assessment study of these equations is conducted against the experimental data and the satisfaction of criteria regarding the acceptance of parametric equations is checked. Significant effort has been devoted by researchers to the study of SCFs in various uni-planar tubular connections. Nevertheless, for multi-planar joints covering the majority of practical applications, very few investigations have been reported due to the complexity and high cost involved

Eriophyoid (Trombidiformes: Eriophyoidea) mite fauna of Miandoab region in Iran with redescription of Aceria kiefferi (Nalepa)

During the study of the eriophyoid mite fauna of Miandoab region (West Azerbaijan province, Iran), specimens of two eriophyoid families, four subfamilies, four tribes, 11 genera and 19 species were collected and identified. Among them, three species including Aceria kiefferi (Nalepa), Phyllocoptes bilobospinosus Chetverikov and Diptacus gigantorhynchus (Nalepa) were recorded for the first time in Iran. The most abundant species was Acalitus phloeocoptes (Nalepa) and six other species including Aceria cf. tosichella Keifer, A. anthocoptes (Nalepa), Calepitrimerus baileyi Keifer, Aculus fockeui (Nalepa &amp;Trouessart), Abacarus cf. hystrix (Nalepa) and Rhynophytoptus nemalobos Lotfollahi &amp;de Lillo were abundant species in the surveyed region. The old species, A. kiefferi is redescribed and illustrated herein, according to the current standard, due to the poor details of the previous old descriptions

Redescription of aceria varia and tegoprionus dentatus (Trombidiformes: Eriophyoidea: Eriophyidae) from Iran

This paper describes two eriophyid species, poorly detailed in the past, which have been found for the first time in Iran. Aceria varia (Nalepa) (Eriophyinae: Acerini) was collected on Populus alba L. (Salicaceae) and Tegoprionus dentatus (Nalepa) (Phyllocoptinae: Anthocoptini) on Galium aparine L. (Rubiaceae) in Miandoab region of West Azerbaijan province (Iran). More information about the type host plants, other hosts and habitus of five Aceria species associated with P. alba and a gross comparison of some traits among Tegoprionus species known worldwide are provided

Eriophyoid (Acari: Eriophyoidea) mite fauna of Hesar village in Meshginshahr region with description of a new species

To identify eriophyoid mites, sampling was done on dominant plants of Hesar village in Meshginshahr region of the Ardabil province during summer 2020. Two families, five subfamilies, five tribes, 12 genera and 27 species were identified among which Cecidophyopsis hesariensis Lotfollahi &amp; Hemmatzadeh sp. nov. collected on the host plant Lonicera iberica M. Bieb. (Caprifoliaceae) was new to science and the second Cecidophyopsis species found on plants of the family Caprifoliaceae. Three species including Aculus salicisincanae (Nalepa, 1925), Aceria peucedani (Canestrini, 1892) and Aculus eurynotus (Nalepa, 1894) were new reports for Iran. A list of identified taxa is provided with comments and 22 species were reported for the first time in Ardabil province

Two new Aceria species (Acari: Eriophyidae) from Meshginshahr rangelands, Iran

During a first faunistic survey on the eriophyoid mites of Meshginshahr rangelands in Ardabil province, Iran, two new Aceria species of eriophyid mites were found, and they are described and illustrated. They are: Aceria ayvatliorum Lotfollahi et Hemmatzadeh sp. nov. from Rhaponticum repens (L.) Hidalgo (Asteraceae), and Aceria beygdiliorum Lotfollahi et Hemmatzadeh sp. nov. from Astragalus compactus Lam. (Fabaceae). The first aforementioned new species is the third eriophyoid associated with R. repens. And the second new species is the fourth Aceria species found on Astragalus species. Both new species were vagrants, and no plant deformations were observed. Due to the presence of numerous endemic Astragalus species in Iran, an intensive and cohesive survey of eriophyoid mites of Astragalus is strongly suggested

Chirurgia vascolare

Accurate modeling of foam rheology on the field scale requires detailed understanding of the correlation between the fundamental properties of foam and the scalable parameters of the porous medium. It has been experimentally observed that foam experiences an abrupt coalescence when the capillary pressure in the porous medium approaches a certain value referred to as the “limiting capillary pressure”, <i>P</i>_c^<i>*</i>. Current foam models that treat foam texture implicitly mimic this fundamental behavior with a so-called dry-out function, which contains adjustable parameters like fmdry and epdry (in the STARS foam simulator). Parameter fmdry (called <i>S</i>_w* in other models) represents the water saturation corresponding to the limiting capillary pressure, <i>P</i>_c^<i>*</i>, and epdry determines the abruptness of foam coalescence as a function of water saturation. In this paper, using experimental data, we examine the permeability dependence of these parameters. We find that the value of fmdry decreases with increasing permeability. We also find that, for the data examined in this paper, the transition from the high-quality regime to low-quality regime is more abrupt in lower-permeability rocks. This implies that in high-permeability rocks foam might not collapse abruptly at a single water saturation; instead, there is a range of water saturation over which foam weakens. In addition, we address the question of whether <i>P</i>_c^<i>*</i> is dependent on formation permeability. We estimate <i>P</i>_c^<i>*</i> from data for foam mobility versus foam quality and find, as did Khatib et al. (<i>SPE Reservoir Eng.</i>, <b>1988</b>, <i>3</i> (3), 919–926), who introduced the limiting capillary pressure concept, that <i>P</i>_c^<i>*</i> can vary with permeability. It increases as permeability decreases, but not enough to reverse the trend of increasing foam apparent viscosity as permeability increases